SB 

♦ T-^ fe U. S. DEPARTMExNT OF AGRICULTURE. 
BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY— BULLETIN NO. l63. 

B. T. GALLOWAY. Chief of Bureau. 



VARIETIES OF AMERICA^^ 
UPLAND COTTON. 



FREDF/KICK J. ^I^YLER, 

SCIEXTIFIC A.SSISTAKT, FiBER INVESTIGATIONS. 



Issi.KJ) Febkuaky 25, 1910. 




WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

19 10. 




Glass fi B ^^^ 

Book rP\g 



U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 

BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY— BULLETIN NO. 163. 

B. T. GALLOWAY, Chief of Bureau. 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN 
UPLAND COTTON. 



FREDEKKlv J. TYLER, 
Scientific Assistant, Fiber Investigations, 



Issued February 25, 1910. 




WASHINGTON: 

government printing office. 

19 10. 



l^ 



^ 



'^A 



<K^ 



BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. 



Chief of Bureau, Beverly T. Galloway. 
Assistant Chief of Bureau, G. Harold Powell. 
Editor, J. E. Rockwell. 
Chief Clerk, James E. Jones. 



Fiber Investigations. 
Lyster H. Dewey, Botanist in Charge. 

163 
2 



MAR 3 1910 



irnr.R oi- fraxsmittal 



U. S. Department of Agriculture, 

Bureau of Plant Industry, 

Office of the Chief, 

Washington, 1). C, July 9, 1909. 

Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith, and to recommend for 
pubhcation as Bulletin No. 163 of the series of this Bureau, the accom- 
panying manuscript, entitled "Varieties of American IT])land Cotton." 
This paper was prepared by Mr. Frederick J. Tyler while Scientific 
Assistant in Fiber Investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry, antl luis 
been submitted by the Botanist in Charge. 

There has long been a demand from cotton ])lanters, and especially 
from men engaged in breeding cotton plants or in maintaining 
improved varieties, for accurate descriptions of the varieties now 
recognized, together with information as to the history, relationships, 
and classification. In response to this demand the results of three 
years of careful study of growing plants in the field, thousands of 
measurements and tests of lint and seeds in the laboratory, and a 
study of all the literature available relating to American Upland 
cotton varieties are here brought together. 

It is hoped that this bulletin may not only serve as a recoi'd of the 
characters and distribution of the varieties now recognized, but that 
it may also stimulate an interest in the development and ])erpetua- 
tion of varieties having definite improved characters, such as strength 
of fiber, uniform length of staple, resistance to injury by storms, 
adaptability to particular types of soil, and other desirable quahties 
aside from yield. 

Respectfully, 



B. T. Ci ALLOW ay. 

Chief of Bureau. 



Hon. James Wilson, 

Secretary of Agriculture. 



16:5 



CONTENTS 



Page. 

Introduction : 9 

Origin of Upland varieties 10 

Stability of varieties 11 

Influence of soil and climate 11 

Terms used in descriptions 14 

Limbs and fruiting branches 14 

Flower and involucre 14 

Boll, locules, and locks 15 

Length of lint 15 

Strength of lint Ki 

Color of lint 16 

Percentage of lint J G 

Seed 17 

Time of maturity 17 

Productiveness 18 

Classification of varieties 18 

Big-boll group 18 

Stormproof group 19 

Long-staple group 19 

Cluster group 20 

Semicluster group 20 

Early group 20 

Long-limb group 20 

Rio Grande or Peterkiu group 21 

Intermediate group 2 L 

Discussion of the groups 21 

Sources of information 23 

Distribution 23 

Maps 23 

Descriptions 23 

Measurements 24 

Descriptions of varieties 24 

Index ] 23 

163 

5 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Page. 
Plate I. Implements and apparatus used in measuring and testing cotton filler. 
Fig. 1. — Implements used in measuring the length of cotton staple. 

Fig. 2. — Apparatus used in determining the strength of cotton fiber. 16 
II. Types of the big-boll group of cotton. Fig. 1. — Plant of the Wyche 

variety. Fig. 2. — Plant of the Truitt variety 18 

III. Types of the big-boll stormproof group of cotton. Fig. 1. — Plant of 

the Triumph variety. Fig. 2. — Plant of the Rowden variety 18 

IV. Types of the Upland long-staple group of cotton. Fig. 1. — Plant of 

the Floradora variety. Fig. 2. — Plant of the Allen variety 20 

V. Types of the cluster group of cotton. Fig. 1. — Plant of the Kelly 

variety. Fig. 2. — Plant of the Jackson Limbless variety 20 

VI. Types of the semicluster group of cotton. Fig. 1. — Plant of the Haw- 
kins variety. Fig. 2. — Plant of the Boyd Prolific variety 22 

VII. Types of the early group of cotton. Fig. 1. — Plant of the Shine vari- 
ety. Fig. 2. — Plant of the Tennessee Green-Seed variety 22 

VIII. Types of the Peterkin group of cotton. Fig. 1. — Plant of the Peter- 
kin variety. Fig. 2. — Plant of the Berryhill variety 24 

TEXT FIGURES. 

Maps of the cotton-growing States, showing the dislribution of varieties of cotton 

in cultivation, as reported in 1907, as follows: 

Page. 

Fig. 1 . Allen Big-Boll, or Alex. Allen 25 

2. Allen Long-Staple 26 

3. Bagley's Big-Boll 27 

4. Bancroft's Ilerlong 28 

5. Banks's Big-Boll 29 

6. Bass 30 

7. Bates Little Brown-Seed 31 

8. Bates Poor-Land 32 

9. Berry 33 

10. Black Rattler 35 

11 . Bohemian 36 

12. Boyd Prolific 38 

13. Boykin Stormproof 39 

14. Broadwell Double-Jointed 40 

15. Christopher, or Christopher Improved 42 

16. Cook Long-Staple 45 

17. Cook's Improved 46 

18. Crossland 47 

16.S 

6 



ILLIJSTEATIONS. 7 

Page. 

Fig. 19. Culpepper 48 

20. Cummings 49 

21. Dickson Improved 50 

22. Dongola, or Gondola 51 

23. Drake 53 

24. Excelsior 57 

25. Floradora 59 

26. Griffin : 62 

27. Harville 65 

28. Hawkins Improved 66 

29. Jackson, or African Limbless 69 

30. Jackson Round-Boll 70 

31. Johnson's Improved 71 

32. Jones Improved 72 

33. Jones Wonderful 73 

34. King, or King's Improved 74 

35. Mortgage Lifter 81 

36. Moss 82 

37. Myers, or Meyer 83 

38. Nicholson 84 

39. Ounce-Boll 86 

40. Ozier Big-Boll 87 

41. Peeler 88 

42. Peerless 89 

43. Peterkin 90 

44. Petit Gulf 92 

45. Pride of Georgia 94 

46. Pulnott, or Pullnott 95 

47. Rogers, or Rogers Big-Boll 97 

48. Rosser No. 1 98 

49. Rowden 99 

50. Ruralist 100 

51. Russell 101 

52. Schley 102 

53. Shine IO3 

54. Southern Hope 105 

55. Strickland IO7 

56. Sunflower 108 

57. Sure-Crop IO9 

58. Tennessee Green-Seed HO 

59. Texas Bur HI 

60. Texas Oak 112 

61. Texas Stormproof II3 

62. Texas Wood 114 

63. Toole, or Toole Early II5 

64. Triumph 116 

65. Truitt II7 

66. Welborn's Pet 118 

67. Willet Red-Leaf ■ 119 

163 



B. P. I. -509. 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



INTRODUCTION. 

Two species of cotton are cultivated in the United States. These 
are American Upland cotton (Gossypium Mrsutum L.) and Sea Island 
cotton {Gossypium harhadense L. ) . American Upl and cotton , through 
misidentification, has been referred by American authors to Gossyp- 
ium heriaceum L., but recent studies have shown conclusively that 
it is very distinct from the Asiatic cottons, of which G. herhaceum is a 
representative species. It is really more closely related to the Sea 
Island cotton. Both species cultivated in this country originated 
in tropical America. 

Sea Island cotton (Gossypium harhadense h.) yields a very fine, long, 
and silk}^ staple, but can be grown commercially only in a limited 
area near the coast of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Partly 
because of this narrow geographical range but more on account of 
the fact that breeders of Sea Island cotton have been working toward 
one and' the same end — a still better staple — the species has not been 
split up into distinct types or groups of varieties. 

Upland cotton (Gossypium Mrsutum L.), which is the species dealt 
with in this bulletin, forms more than 99 per cent of the cotton crop 
of the United States. The improvement of this species has pro- 
gressed along several different lines according to the necessities or 
individual preferences of the grower, and very distinct types have 
been developed, such as the stormproof cottons of Texas, the early 
cottons of North Carolina and Tennessee, and the long-staple va- 
rieties of the Mississippi Valley. These diverse types have led some 
to consider Upland cotton a composite of different species, and a re- 
cent author '^ intimates that no less than seven distinct species 
were concerned in its evolution. 

One variety ^ is known which can, indeed, be traced back to a 
hybrid origin, and it is possible that the excellent lint of some of the 

a Watt, Sir George. Wild and Cultivated Cotton Plants of the World. 1907. 
Here varieties of Upland cotton are referred wholly or in part to the following species: 

G. arboreum neglectum Watt, pp. 100-102; G. harhadense L., p. 194; G. herhaceum L., 
p. 163; G. mexicanum Tod., p. 226; G. punctatum jamaicum Watt, pp. 182, 233; G. 
purpurascens Poir., pp. 232, 354; G. schottii Watt, pp. 209, 233. 

b Coxe Yellow-Bloom. 

163 

9 



10 VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

long-staple varieties of the Mississippi Valley is due to a slight ad- 
mixture of Sea Island blood. The great majority of Upland va- 
rieties, however, are of pure stock, and it seems probable that this 
stock originated in Central America, where it has been cultivated 
since prehistoric times. 

Each of the different groups just mentioned contains a number 
of closely related forms, difficult to distinguish, which are commonly 
called varieties but which are for the most part analogous to the 
''strains" of the horticulturist. It will often be noticed that, on 
account of the marked adaptability of cotton to soil and climate, 
varieties hardly distinct in other ways are fitted for different agri- 
cultural conditions, and other distinctive characters, such as a better 
staple and a higher percentage of lint, may also be present but are not 
apparent until the variety is more closely studied. 

The large number of named varieties and the uncertainty as to the 
classification of many of them, as well as the misleading statements 
sometimes published concerning the commercial varieties, make it 
necessary to describe and classify them as accurately as possible and 
to map, or otherwise state, their distribution. 

ORIGIN OF UPLAND VARIETIES. 

Varieties are usually developed by what is called ''mass selection." 
The breeder goes through his fields before picking time and marks 
the plants which conform to his ideal. The seed cotton from these 
select plants is then picked and ginned by itself, and in this way the 
seed for the next year's planting is obtained. Usually, only one or 
two characters are specially desired, as, for instance, large bolls com- 
bined with prolificacy, and while the resulting plants may be fairly 
uniform in the desired characters they will vary greatly in others. 
Except in regard to their peculiar characteristics, varieties developed 
by mass selection can only be described in a general way and by 
average results. 

Several of our standard varieties, as, for example, the Russell and 
the Rowden, have been developed by the opposite method of "isola- 
tion." Here the progeny of a single plant which w^as so distinct as 
to attract the breeder's attention is made the basis of a new va- 
riety, often without further selection. The seed of this plant is saved 
separately and planted by itself in an isolated seed patch until suffi- 
cient seed is obtained to plant the entire crop. If the plant originally 
selected w^as of pure blood the variety developed from it will be very 
uniform in all characters, but instances are known " where the 
original selection was a cross between quite dissimilar parents and a 
portion of the progeny tended to revert to either parent stock, mak- 

« Cook's Improved, for example. 
163 



INFLUENCE OF SOIL AND CLIMATE. 11 

ing the variety more diverse than one developed by mass selection. 
Of the two methods, isolation unquestionably gives quicker and more 
uniform results if carried on carefully and intelligently. 

STABILITY OF VARIETIES. 

From the. nature of the crop, cotton varieties are more difficult 
to keep pure than those of other farm crops. The seed cotton is 
usually hauled to a public gin, and the cleaned seed is allowed to run 
into a bin containing seed from several other farms. Even if care 
is taken to keep the seed separate, some mixing will occur, from the 
fact that the gin has not been thoroughly cleaned out and a new roll 
started, it being impracticable at a public gin to take the time and 
trouble necessary to keep the seed entirely pure. For the reason 
that insects carry pollen from flower to flower, mixing may readily 
occur if different varieties are grown in adjacent rows or fields. 
Probably a majority of the flowers are close-fertilized, that is, fertil- 
ized with their own pollen, but quite enough are cross-fertilized to 
make this an important source of contamination when varieties are 
grown in close proximity. 

It is generally believed that an improved variety will degenerate 
gradually unless consistent selection is carried on every year. A 
large part of the degeneration is due to mixture of seed, but possibly 
the increase of undesirable plants within the variety aids in lower- 
ing the standard. The average farmer does not have the time or the 
opportunity to keep a pure stock of improved seed and depends on 
buying seed from time to time from the originator or from some one 
interested in keeping the variety up to the standard. The stability 
of a variety thus depends very largely on the continued careful work of 
the originator, to whom a private gin is almost a necessity although 
a few varieties have been built up and kept pure by breeders who 
have not had this advantage. 

INFLUENCE OF SOIL AND CLIMATE. 

It has long been recognized by growers that when a variety is first 
tried in a new locality and soil it may prove disappointing until accli- 
mated.'^ The process of acclimation usually takes two or three 
years and affects the variety as a whole. But there is a difference 
in the ability of varieties to become adjusted quickly to new condi- 

a See Report of the United States Patent Office for 1850, p. 263. Mr. M. W. 
Phillips, of Edwards County, Miss., here states that the poor yield of a variety known 
as Vick's 100-Seed "may be caused by all my seed being fresh from Deer Creek, 
where Col. H. W. Vick, the spirited selector of this variety, plants. I sold out all 
my own seed, with a view of getting a fresh stock, which was a damage to my gen- 
eral crop. Fresh seed has never here given so good a crop." 
163 



12 VAKTETIKS OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

tions.'' King's Improved, or Sugar-Loaf, has been tried in all parts 
of the cotton belt during the past ten years and has made satisfac- 
tory yields from the first, though rarely ecjualing those of the best 
local varieties. On the other hand, some varieties are specialized, 
or, in other words, especially fitted to certain conditions of soil and 
climate, antl make very poor yields when tried in new localities. 
Acclimation in this case would mean the entire readjustment of the 
variet}^ Examples of such can usually be found in the results of 
variety tests published by the state agricultural experiment sta- 
tions, where cottons well and favorably known at home are placed 
near the foot of the list on account of poor jaelds under the condi- 
tions given them on the station farm. Beat- All, a popular variety 
in some parts of southern Georgia, is a good illustration. Growers 
who are well acquainted with its merits state that it is particularly 
successful as a poor-land cotton. It is a large-growing variety, 
requiring the entire season to mature its crop, and is probably able 
to utilize the small and slowly available store of plant food in poor 
soil to much better advantage than would be a quick-growing, early- 
maturing cotton. \Mien tested on the rich, well-cultivated soil 
of the station farm at Experiment, Ga., but under almost its accus- 
tomed climatic conditions, it stood twenty-fourth in 1906 and 
twenty -sixth in 1907, and in point of yield was considered one of the 
poorest varieties tested. 

\Miile the variet}^ tests of experiment stations are based primarily 
upon the yield or total value of products, which as a rule is the most 
important character, other qualities, such as size of boll and of 
seed and length and percentage of lint, are noticed by some of the 
stations, and these qualities are also found to vary considerably in 
different localities. The interesting fact has been observed that the 
entire variety test varies en masse as regards some of these qualities. 
Unfortunately, it is not possible to obtain much information upon 
this point from the reports of the various experiment stations, even 
when a particular variety was tested by two or more stations during 
the same season, since the source of seed was rarely the same, one 
station, perha])s, planting fresh seed obtained from the originator 
and another planting seed grown the year before on the station 
farm. Reliable measurements of average bolls of three varieties have 
been obtained by the North Carolina state board of agriculture for 
three locations within that State during the same seasons.'' It 
required 54 bolls of the Russell variety to weigh a pound when 

o See "Weevil-Rcsistino; Adaptations of the Cotton Plant," Bulletin 88, Bureau of 
Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1906, p. 17, and " Loral Adjustment of Cot- 
ton Varieties," Bulletin lof), Bureau of Plant Industry, U. 8. Dept. of Agriculture, 
1909. 

b See Bullelin !», Nortli Carolina State Board of Agriculture, vol. 27, p. 25. 
163 



INFLUENCE OF SOIL AND CLIMATE. 



13 



grown at Edgecombe Farm, Rocky Mount; 64 at Red Springs Farm, 
Red Springs; and 72 at Iredell Farm, Statesville. Of the Culpepper 
variety it required, respectively, 61, 71, and 74; and of the Edgewood 
72, 77, and 79. In each case the bolls were smallest at Iredell Farm, 
intermediate at Red Springs Farm, and largest at Edgecombe Farm. 
The average percentage of lint of four varieties was found to be 
invariably higher at Red Springs Farm than at Edgecombe Farm. 

In the spring of 1907 several varieties of cotton seed were sent 
out in the congressional seed distribution of the United States 
Department of Agriculture and were grown by four of the state 
experiment stations. Tests of the crop grown from this seed were 
made, and the results are shown in the following table: 



Table I. — Results of tests of several varieties of cotton, showing the relative number and 
size of bolls and seeds, the percentage of lint to seed, and the length and strength of the 
lint when the plants were grown in different States. 



Variety. 


Bolls per pound. 


Seeds per pound. 


Percentage of lint. 


La. Ala. 


Ga. 


Tex. 


La. 


Ala. 


Ga. 


Tex. 


La. 


Ala. 


Ga. 


Tex. 


Cook's Improved 

Corlev Wonderful 

Gold-Standard 


No. No. 
58 1 61 
48 54 
74 82 
53 61 
78 90 


No. 
64 
58 
92 
68 
98 


No. 
90 
70 

105 
71 

119 


No. 
3,650 
2,670 
4,0.50 
3,540 
4,160 


No. 
4,025 
2,835 
5,0.50 
3,630 
4,970 


No. 
3,860 
1 3,260 
5,. 380 
3,700 
5,260 


No. 
4, 160 
3,780 
5,060 
3,660 
4,620 


P.ct. 
38.3 
.31.9 
.33. 5 
30.0 
29.0 


P.ct. 

36.7 
29.8 
3.5.8 
32.4 
30.6 


P.ct. 
39.3 
35.8 
39.6 


P.ct. 
30.9 
31.3 
.31.7 


Pride of Georgia 


33.2 ; 31.2 
31. 5 25. 4 










62 70 j 


76 


91 


3,614 


4,102 


4,292 


4,256 


32.5 


33.1 


36.9 


30.1 






Variety. 


Length of lint. 


Strength of lint. 


La. 


Ala. 


Ga. 


Tex. 


La. 


Ala. 


Ga. 


Tex. 




Mms. 
21.8 
23.2 
22.9 
23.3 
32.8 


Mms. 
22.8 
23.1 
22.0 
23.0 
27.7 


Mms. 
21.6 
23.8 
22.3 
24.2 
33.0 


Mms. 
23.6 
23.6 
23.0 
22.4 
30.7 


Gms. 
6.2 
6.8 
6.1 
6.5 
4.8 


Gms. 
6.5 
7.0 


Gms. 
7.8 
6.7 
5.8 
6.1 
4.0 


Gms. 
5.9 


Corlev Wonderful . 


7.3 


Gold-Standard 


6.4 


Pride of Georgia. . . 


6.3 
4.4 


5.8 




4.6 






Average 




24.8 


23.7 


25.0 


24.7 


6.1 


6.1 


6.1 


6.0 



It will be seen that in nearly every instance and with remarkable 
unanimity the bolls are very small at College Station, Tex., of 
medium size at Experiment, Ga., somewhat larger at Auburn, Ala., 
and very large at Baton Rouge, La. The size of seed follows closely 
the size of boll. The length and strength of lint varied to some 
extent in the individual varieties, but very little en masse, the 
strength of lint being slightly lower at Baton Rouge, La., due to 
the damp and unfavorable weather which prevailed at picking time. 
The percentage of lint varied to an interesting degree, being highest 
without exception at the Georgia station and usually lowest at the 
Texas station. 

163 



14 VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

TERMS USED IN DESCRIPTIONS. 
LIMBS AND FRUITING BRANCHES. 

Upland cotton has two very distinct forms of branches." There 
are usually two or three heavy branches, or limbs, arisino^ from near 
the base of the })lant, which are homologous to tlie main stalk. 
These bear leaves, but never flowers and fruit, and have been called 
sterile or wood limbs. From them, and also from the main stalk, 
other branches arise which bear leaves and, normally, flowers and 
fruit at each joint. The limbs, as they will be termed in this bulle- 
tin, are always hea%ner and stronger than the fruiting branches and 
tend to grow uj), while the latter grow out horizontally or even droop. 
Another important difference is most apparent in the cluster and 
semicluster cottons, where the fruiting branches are often reduced 
to mere spurs, due to a shortening of the internodes, while the limbs 
are not affected but are as long as would be expected in a i)lant of 
the same height with normal fruiting branches. 

The nodes or joints of the main stem are about 2 inches apart, 
more in tall-growing varieties and less in dwarf varieties, so that 
there are about the same number of joints in each, from 16 to 20. 
Bennett ^ has shown that the distance between the joints of the 
stalk, and especially of the fruiting branches, has an important 
bearing on the time of maturity, and the term "short-jointed cotton" 
within the last few years has become almost synonymous with "early 
cotton." 

FLOWER AND INVOLUCRE. 

The flower is of little service as a distinctive character. One 
variety, known as "Coxe Yellow-Bloom," bears flowers of clear 
lemon-yellow instead of the creamy white color that is almost uni- 
versal in the species. This peculiarity has also been noticed in 
some of the Upland varieties long acclimated in India. King or 
Sugar-Loaf cotton and its derivatives are well marked by a red 
spot at the base of the petals, but this marking is indistinct or lack- 
ing in about 50 per cent of the flowers of these varieties. It is also 
found in some of the varieties of Upland cotton cultivated from 
prehistoric times by the Indians of Guatemala. Some varieties of 
long-staple cotton, such as the Sunflower, the Floradora, and the 
Allen, bear anthers and pollen of a rich yellow color, but a smell 
number of plants, from 5 to 10 per cent, in each of these varieties 
produce the usual cream-colored pollen, and a few plants will be 
found in the varieties of other groups which bear yellow pollen. 

a See Cook, O. F., Weevil-Resisting Adaptations of the Cotton Plant, Bulletin 88, 
Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1906, p. 19. 

b Bennett, R. L. Farmers' Bulletin 314, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1908. 
163 



TERMS USED IN DESCRIPTIONS. - 15 

The involucre consists of a whorl of three green, leaf-like bracts 
just below the flower, which protect the bud and young boll to some 
extent and are of service in building up the stormproof character of 
Texas cottons. However, as the involucre dries and becomes brittle 
soon after the boll opens, it is often torn off by careless pickers and 
forms a large part of the trash that lowers the grade of lint. 

BOLL, LOCULES, AND LOCKS. 

The boll or seed capsule splits into 3, 4, or 5 locules or segments 
when ripe, exposing the seed cotton, which is more or less matted 
together into as many locks as there are locules in the boll. The 
shape of the boll varies from nearly spherical to long and pointed. 
The size also varies greatly in different cottons and is best measured 
by weighing the yield of dry seed cotton. Other characters are the 
variations in thickness of the shell of the boll and the stormproof 
characters described later. 

LENGTH OF LINT. 

The cotton fiber, which is known as the lint, staple, or floss, varies 
in fineness and length in different cottons, the maximum variation 
between the short-staple and the long-staple varieties being nearly 
an inch. 

There are several methods of determining the length of lint, but 
the one which seems to be most accurate and which has been em])loyed 
by the Department of Agriculture is as follows: 

From ten to twenty locks are selected from the sample to be tested 
and a single seed picked out from near the center of each lock. The 
seed is then combed "butterfly shape" and a tuft of fiber plucked 
from near the middle of one side and laid out upon a pad of black 
velveteen, the pile of this cloth tending to keep the fibers straight. 
The base of the tuft is pressed firmly against the velveteen with the 
thumb, while the fibers are combed out smoothly with a small pocket 
comb. This not only straightens them to their full length, but it 
also removes overla])i)ing libers, which would give erroneous measure- 
ments, especially in long-staple cottons. With the back of a pair 
of curved forceps a line is then drawn at each end of the tuft, exclud- 
ing the fringing ends and marking as nearly as possible the average 
length. The distance between these lines is then measured with a 
millimeter " scale. (See PI. I, fig. 1.) The measurements given show 
the average rather than the extreme lengths, and thus are often 
shorter than measurements made in the usual manner from ginned 

a One millimeter equals 0.03937 inch, or nearly 1/25 inch; 25.4 millimeters equal 
1 inch. 
163 



16 VAEIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

cotton, as the repeated pulling methods then employed are designed 
to eliminate all of the shorter fibers and only the length of the 
longest fibers is given. 

STRENGTH OF LINT. 

The strength of lint depends partly upon the weather conditions and 
the treatment the seed cotton receives at picking time and partly upon 
the variety," long-staple cottons as a rule yielding rather weak lint. 
In our tests the strength of lint has been obtained by the use of a 
standard fiber-testing machine, which tests but one fiber at a time. 
(See PL I, fig. 2.) The fiber is singled out from near the middle of 
the seed,^ placed in clamps grasping it firmly near each end, and 
subjected to a gradually increasing strain until it breaks, the breaking 
strain being recorded in grams. Twenty such tests are made from 
each sainj)le and the average recorded as the strength of single fibers. 

COLOR OF LINT. 

There is but little variation in the color of lint, all of the commercial 
varieties yielding a creamy white staple, which bleaches to dead 
white if exposed too long to sun and rain in the field. A cotton known 
as "Nankeen" was formerly grown for home use which yielded a 
handsome khaki, or yellowish brown lint, but with the passing of 
home spinning this variety has also disappeared from cultivation. A 
variety called "Texas Wool" which yields a light-green lint, soon 
fading to a dingy brown when exposed to the weather, was tested but 
was found to be valueless except as a curiosity. 

PERCENTAGE OF LINT. 

The proportion of lint to seed in seed cotton is next to yield the 
most important economic varietal character and, furthermore, it is 
easily influenced by careful selection.'^ The percentage is usually 
determined by ginning an average sample by hand and weighing the 
lint and seed separately upon accurate balances. 'V^Tien the sample 
is small this has been found to give more exact results than machine 
ginning. The maximum variation in proportion of lint among com- 
mercial varieties amounts to nearly 20 per cent. 

a See the Bulletin of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, September, 
1906, where it is stated that the oil content of the seed bears a definite relation to the 
strength of lint. 

b A large number of tests were made of fiber from the ends and side of the seed, both 
of long and short staple, with the following average results: Breaking strain of fibers 
from the side of the seed, (i.M grams; from the pointed end, 5.52 grams; and from the 
round end, 4.02 grams. Also see t^he Agricultural News, Barbado.^, vol. 5, no. 101, p. 71. 

c Recent investigations indicate that the importance of a high percentage of lint 
may be overestimated. See " Danger in Judging Cotton Varieties by Lint Per- 
centages," Circular 11, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1908. 
163 



Bui. 163, Bureau of Plant Indust-y, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 



Plate 





TERMS USED IN DESCRIPTIONS. 17 

SEED. 

When the lint is ginned from the seed another covering is found 
beneath, a short velvety coat called the "fuzz/' which varies in color 
from dark olive-green and brown to ashy gray or white. It also 
varies in length from one thirty-second to one-fourth inch and in quan- 
tity from very dense to rather thin, often being absent entirely except 
at one or both ends of the seed, where a small tuft of fuzz is generally 
persistent. A few entirely naked seeds are found in most varieties and 
this character can be fixed by selection, but it seems undesirable for the 
reason that a good percentage of lint is apparently correlated w4th the 
presence of fuzz. It is a general belief among cotton planters and 
breeders, both of Upland and of Sea Island varieties, '^ that entirely 
naked seeds should be picked out and discarded from choice seed 
intended for planting.'' The fuzz is of some value and is removed at 
the oil mills, forming a portion of the material sold as "linters." 

The maximum variation in size of seed is considerable, the smallest 
seeds. Bates Little Brown-Seed, averaging 0.07 gram apiece, or 6,480 
to the pound, while the largest, Best-Crop, weigh 0.178 gram apiece, 
or 2,550 to the pound. This seems to be the greatest permissible 
difference from an economic standpoint, for the larger seeded varieties 
are usually deficient in percentage of lint, while the smaller seed is 
low in vitality and requires more favorable weather and soil conditions 
at planting time. The oil content of the seed varies from 16 to 23 
per cent, or from 37.26 to 42.02 per cent of the kernel. It is not at 
present a distinct varietal quality, but can be influenced by selection.*" 

TIME OF MATURITY. 

The time of maturity is an important varietal quality, especially 
in the northern third of the cotton belt and in weevil-infested regions 
everywhere. The growing of early varieties has been found one of 
the best means in the Southwestern States of combating the weevil, 
plants of this type being able to put on a fair crop before the weevils 
become plentiful enough to do much injury. The earliest varieties 
now in cultivation begin ripening in ninety days after planting, and 
by selection a variety has been obtained which ripens its crop and 
then dies, instead of continuing alive until killed by frost, as do most 

oSee Farmers' Bulletin 302, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, p. 36; also Agricultural 
News, Barbados, vol. 5, no. 101, p. 71. 

b To test the truth of this belief two samples of seed cotton of the Gold-Standard 
variety were picked from the same row, one with the usual fuzzy seeds and the other 
with seeds entirely naked. The former yielded 39.6 per cent of lint, the latter only 
28.3 percent. 

c See North Carolina State Board of Agriculture Bulletin for September, 1906, p. 13. 

11500— Bui. 163—10 2 



18 VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

varieties. This early-dying character is of little value in the exter- 
mination of the weevil, however, unless varieties of this kind are 
grown exclusively in large areas, as the other varieties will serve as 
feeding places for the weevils until they hibernate for the winter. 

PRODUCTIVENESS. 

No attempt has been made in this bulletin to give the relative 
yield of varieties, although it is a character of prime importance. 
All varieties cultivated for profit are productive when grown under 
the conditions to which they are suited, and it is manifestly unfair to 
grow a hundred varieties, developed under as many different condi- 
tions, on a single farm, to which only a few may be best suited, and 
consider the results applicable to the entire cotton belt. The variety 
tests conducted by the different state experiment stations are 
unreliable as far as yield is concerned for an area as large as a State, 
and in some cases the results may not apply to the adjoining farm, 
owdng to the different methods of fertilizing and culture pursued. 
For this reason the question of productiveness is better left to the 
individual farmer to solve on his own farm under local conditions. • 

CLASSIFICATION OF VARIETIES. 

Several schemes of grouping or classifying Upland cottons have 
been proposed, but since they are usually based on some arbitrary 
and variable character, such as the presence or absence of fuzz on the 
seed or the habit of growth, they are of little value. Duggar's classifi- 
cation, w hich with some changes has been adopted in the work of the 
Department of Agriculture, is an exception, as it is based, so far as 
possible, on the natural relationship of the varieties. In this classi- 
fication eight divisions were made, as follows: Big-boll, long-staple, 
cluster, semicluster, early or short-limb, long-limb, Peterkin or Rio 
Grande, and intermediate groups. 

BIG-BOLL GROUP. 

The essential character of the big-boll group is the size of boll, or, 
to be more exact, the weight of dry seed cotton contained in the boll. 
The maximum size of boll in this group is at present about 11.5 
grams, or from 38 to 40 bolls to the pound, and the minimum size 
has been arbitrarily fixed at 6.5 grams, or 68 bolls to the pound. 
The plants are stocky and usually vigorous; limbs strong and heavy, 
usually 2 in number; fruiting branches quite strong, ranging from 
very short and irregularly jointed or semiclustered to very long 
jointed: leaves large, becoming almost glabrous, lobes broad and 
short; bolls large, with 4 or 5 locules; seeds large, fuzzy, dark green, 

163 



Bui. 163, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agricullur 



Plate II. 






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Bui. 163, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 



Plate III. 





CLASSIFICATION OF VARIETIES. 19 

greenish or brownish gray or white; Hnt short to medium, 20 to 30 
mm. in length, soft, and of good strength, usually 33 J per cent or 
more. (See PI. II, figs. 1 and 2.) 

STORMPROOF GROUP. 

A subdivision of the big-boll group has been developed on the 
Plains west of the Mississippi, where severe wind and rain storms are 
frequent during the picking season. It is known as the big-boll 
stormproof group and includes some of the most highly developed 
varieties grown at the present time. The plant is vigorous, upright 
in growth during the first part of the season, but later drooping 
under the weight of bolls. The bolls are not borne upright upon the 
branch, but lie close to it, the peduncle or stem of the boll forming an 
acute angle with the branch. When the stem and fruiting branches 
are bent down, the bolls are inclined or inverted, so that when ripe 
the broad thick segments of the bur and the unusually large invo- 
lucres form a more or less perfect roof above the locks <»" seed cotton 
which hang down underneath and coalesce into a single mass. The 
locks are also more securely attached to the bur, but as a rule the 
stormproof cottons are easier to pick than varieties with locks more 
readily dislodged. (See PI. Ill, figs. 1 and 2.) 

LONG-STAPLE GROUP. 

The long-staple group is a rather arbitrary division, based on the 
length and fineness of the lint, which varies from 30 to 45 mm. (l^-^ to 
If inches) in length. A few varieties, such as the Flemming, the 
Moon, the Griffin, and the Columbia, have been developed from the 
big-boll group by selection or by crossing combined with selection, and 
in habit of growth, size of boll, etc., resemble that group. The 
majority of the long-staples constitute a uniform division with plants 
slender rather than stocky in growth; limbs sometimes absent, 
usually 2 or 3, slender and upright; fruiting branches slender, with 
short and irregular or long joints; foliage less dense than that of the 
big-boll group, the leaves small to medium in size with narrower 
and deeper lobes, softly hairy, later becoming somewhat glabrous, 
peduncles often very long and slender; bolls small to medium in size, 
with 3, 4, or 5 locules, each lock of cotton matted into a compact 
mass; lint weak to moderately strong, A^ery soft, fine, and clinging, 
the best grades closely resembling Sea Island cotton; seeds medium 
in size, sometimes partly naked, but usually covered by a brownish 
gray or gray fuzz. Some of the varieties of this group are claimed to 
have been developed by crossing Sea Island and Upland cotton. If 
so, the only distinct trace of their hybrid origin is to be found in the 
length and fineness of the staple and possibly in the yellow pollen 
common to many of the varieties. (See PI. IV, figs. 1 and 2.) 

163 



20 VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

CLUSTER GROUP. 

The cluster group is probably a natural division consisting of tlie 
derivatives of the old Sugar-Ijoaf,** a variety of cotton cultivated 
many years ago in Mississippi and said to have been imported from 
Mexico. The plants are of abnormal growth, with one or more long, 
lieavy lim])s, and witli fruiting branches so sliort jointed as to be 
reduced to spurs not more than 2 or 3 inches long, the leaves and 
bolls being crowded together in a cluster. Most of the leaves on the 
fruiting branches are nnluced in si/e, but the stem leaves are very 
large, with Ijroad and sliort lobes, thick in texture, almost glabrous; 
bolls medium in size, usiudly rounded in sliape, wifth 4 to 5 locks; 
lint usually rath(>r short, soft, and of good strength; seeds small to 
medium in size, fuzzy, gray to brownish, or greenish gray. (wSee 
PI. V, figs. 1 and 2.) ' 

The cluster character of this group is modified, but not lost, by 
cross-breeding with normal cottons, and many varieties in other groups 
contain an admixture of cluster blood. 

SEMICLUSTER GROUP. 

Where the admixture of cluster blood is very noticeable and the 
variety does not belong to any other particular group it is classed as 
"semicluster," forming at best a hybritl group of cottons. (See PI. 
VI, figs. 1 and 2.) 

EARLY GROUP. 

The short-limb division as proposed by Professor Duggar contains 
the early varieties and should be known as the early group, since the 
term ''short limb " is often applied in referring to the fruiting branches 
of the cluster and semicluster cottons. As a correlative character to 
earliness the fruiting branches are medium to short jointed, ])ut not 
abnormally so; the plant is slencU'r rather than stocky and rather low 
in growtli; limbs 1 to 3; leaves snuill to medium in size, softl}^ hairy, 
becoming somewhat glabrous witli age; lobes nanower and deeper 
than those of big-boll cottons; bolls small to medium in size, 3, 4, or 
5 locked; lint very short to medium in length, of good strength; seeds 
small to medium in size, fuzz> , greenish or brownisli gray. This 
group is composed of King and its tlerivatives and some other cottons 
developed in North Carolina and Tennessee. (See PI. VII, figs. 1 
and 2.) 

LONG-LIMB GROUP. 

The long-limb group was based on the once popular Petit Gulf and 
related varieties, but these cottons have been superseded by earlier 

" The King, or Sugar-Loat, aa now grown in North Carolina belongs to another 
group. 
163 



Bui, 163, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 



Plate IV. 




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163, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 



Plate V. 





DISCUSSION OF THE GROUPS. 21 

and more prolific kinds. Although the so-called Petit Gulf is still 
grown sparingly throughout the South, it is so completely modified 
by mixing with other varieties that it can not be said to represent 
the long-limb group. 

RIO GRANDE OR PETERKIN GROUP. 

The Rio Grande or Peterkin group is a natural division. The plants 
are slender in growth, with one to several rather light limbs; fruiting 
branches slender, usually long jointed; leaves small to medium in 
size, hairy, becoming somewhat glabrous, lobes narrower and deeper 
than those of the big-boll group; bolls medium to very small in size, 
with 3, 4, or 5 locules, the locks of cotton remaining rather compact 
for some time after the boll opens; lint of medium length, of good 
strength, wiry, and elastic, percentage usually very high; seeds small 
to very small, some nearly smooth and brownish black, but the ma- 
jority covered with a short, sparse fuzz. (See PI. VIII, figs. 1 and 2.) 

INTERMEDIATE GROUP. 

Most of the named sorts of Upland cotton can easily be referred 
to their proper group, but some are so badly mixed that they simply 
form a compound of two or more groups. In time such compounds 
become intimately blended by cross-fertilization and the resulting 
cotton can be referred to no particular group, but might well be 
called nondescript. In Professor Duggar's classification the inter- 
mediate group was intended to contain these varieties. 

DISCUSSION OF THE GROUPS. 

At present the big-boll group is the most widely grown and popular, 
and its supremacy will probably be permanent unless a successful 
picking machine is invented. Cottons of this group are more easily 
and quickly picked than the smaller boll varieties and when condi- 
tions permit will be grown in preference to them for that reason alone. 
In many parts of the cotton belt labor conditions are such that pick- 
ing is done by the small farmer and his family with very little hired 
help. On the larger plantations, even when pickers are plentiful, it 
is often necessary to pay a little more for small-boll picking, and in 
Texas the difference often amounts to 25 cents per hundred pounds — 
a strong argument in favor of large-boll cottons. The qualities which 
make the small-boll varieties specially desirable in some localities, 
such as earliness, high percentage of lint, and poor-land qualities, 
have also been developed in the big-boll group, but to a less extent, 
while the valuable stormproof qualities are peculiar to the derivatives 
of this group, forming the subdivision called the stormproof group. 

163 



22 



VAEIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Breeders of this <:;roup of cottons have attempted, with partial success, 
to eliminate the four-locked bolls, both because bolls with live locks 
are larger and because the additional segment of the bur aids in 
supporting the cotton after the boll opens, making it less liable to 
be blown out. It is generally know^n that bolls containing five locks 
are somewhat larger than those wnth only four, and in order to deter- 
mine the exact difference measurements were made of ten different 
varieties grown by the Department of Agriculture at Waco, Tex., 
and it was found that a five-locked boll is almost exactly five-fourths 
the size of one witli four locks. The following table gives the results 
of the measurements: 

Table II. — Results of measurements of the bolls of several varieties of cotton having 3, 4, 
and 5 locks, showing the number of locks to the pound. 



Variety. 


5-locked 
bolls per 
pound. 


4-locked 
bolls per 
pound. 


3-locked ^{°«lff 

bo"f Pf Locks ner 
P°"°^- pound. 


4-locked 

bolls. 

Locks per 

pound. 


3-locked 

bolls. 

Locks per 

pound. 




Number. 
53 
C6 
55 
53 
88 
60 
53 
{)6 
53 
47 


Number. 
06 
76 
69 
72 
94 
66 
64 
76 
76 
64 


Number. 


Number. 
205 
330 
275 


Number. 
264 
304 
276 
288 
376 
264 
256 
304 
304 
256 


Number. 


















265 
440 
250 
265 
330 
265 
235 




King 


149 


447 












Russell 


























58. 4 


72.3 




292.0 


289.2 









Varieties of the long-staple group require good soil and culture, 
great care in ginning and handling the crop, and an appreciative 
market, but when these conditions are fully met they become very 
popular and usually prove more pi-ofitable than short-staples. Their 
yield is often considerably lower than that of the latter cottons, but 
the greater value of the lint is usually enough to more than cover the 
deficient yield. At the Georgia experiment station, where soil and 
culture are fairly suitable to long-staples, the results of the variety 
tests are tabulated in such a w^ay that the premium necessary to 
make the long-staples equal the best short-staple in the test can be 
readily determined. In 1906 this premium was 5.6 cents per pound, in 
1904 4.68 cents per pound, and in 1902 only 2.2 cents per pound. 

The cluster and semicluster cottons are very successful on bottom 
lands wdiere ordinary varieties are apt to become too "weedy" in 
growth and partially sterile. On the other hand, the cotton is more 
difficult to pick clean of trash, and the Dickson and its <lerivatives 
are generall}^ considered more liable to the attacks of anthracnose, 
or boll-rot, and of the bollworm. 



163 



Bui. 163, Bureau of Plant industry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 



Plate VI. 





Bui. 163, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 



Plate VII 




5 ^ 



<i 



- H 




SOURCES OF INFORMATION. 23 

The early cottons are essential to North Carolina and Tennessee 
and the upper portions of Georgia and Alabama. They have also 
been grown successfully in the weevil-infested parts of Texas and 
Louisiana, but on account of small bolls and lack of stormproof 
characters are being discarded in favor of the earlier varieties of the 
stormproof cottons which have recently been developed in Texas. 

Cottons of the Peterkin group are among the highest in yield of 
lint, and aside from this important quality are considered especially 
adapted to poor land and hard treatment. They are capable, how- 
ever, of making very large yields under the best conditions. The 
bolls are small and tedious to pick. 

SOURCES OF INFORMATION. 
DISTRIBUTION. 

To obtain the information regarding the distribution of Upland 
varieties several thousand inquiries were sent during the spring of 
1907 to county and township correspondents throughout the cotton 
belt. The inquiry was in the form of a printed list of over one hun- 
dred names, including all the well-known and standard varieties, 
and correspondents were asked to check off those in cultivation in 
their county and to add names of new or local varieties not on the 
list. In compiling the information so obtained a variety was re- 
corded as occurring in each county from which it was reported 
regardless of the number of correspondents reporting it from that 
county, or, in other words, the county was taken as a unit. The 
distribution of the more widely grown varieties is shown geographic- 
ally by means of maps, but for the purpose of greater accuracy the 
more local varieties are listed by counties and States. 

MAPS. 

The maps of the southeastern portion of the United States include 
all the area where cotton is cultivated commercially in this country 
except a small portion of southeastern Virginia. The distribution 
of each variety of cotton is indicated on the appropriate map by 
black dots, one dot representing each county from which the variety 
was reported in 1907. 

DESCRIPTIONS. 

The descriptions which follow are partly based upon the growth 
and behavior of the varieties tested by the Department of Agricul- 
ture in tests carried on in Terrell, Waco, and Denison, Tex., and in 
Timmonsville, S. C. Many of the plats used for variety tests con- 
ducted by state agricultural experiment stations were visited and 
studied. As before stated, the behavior of varieties in a test depends 

163 



24 VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

upon their suitability to the particular conditions of the test rather 
more than upon any inherent qualities of superiority or inferiority 
in the variety, and for this reason as many as possible of the impor- 
tant varieties were also studied on the farnis of the originators and 
the method employed in developing each variety was investigated. 

MEASUREMENTS. 

Unless otherwise stated the measurements of bolls, lint, and seed 
which follow the descriptions were made from average samples 
obtained from the originators of the different varieties during the 
fall of 1907. 

DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 

Aclin's Easy. Early Group. 

Arkansas: \^Tiite County. 

Developed by E. S. Aclin, Beebe, White County, Ark. Boll of medium size, cot- 
ton very easy to pick, seeds white. 

Acme, or Allen Acme. Long-Staple Group. 

Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Louisiana 
Bulletin 28. 

Not now grown. 

Adams. Early Group. 

Georgia: Haralson County. 

North Carolina: Gaston County. 

South Carolina : York County. 

Originated by E. H. Adams, Bowling Green, R. F. D. No. 1, S. C. It is a selection 
from King, made about 1902, and is later in maturity and yields larger bolls and 
longer lint than the parent variety. Seeds rather large, fuzzy, brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 60; seeds per pound, 3,460; length of lint, 24.6 mm. (}f inch), 
varying from 23 to 27 mm. ; strength of single fibers, 6 gms. ; per cent of lint to seed, 35. 

Adams Long-Staple. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Mississippi: Adams County. 

Originated by C. A. Adams, Arnot, Miss. This is said by Mr. Adams to be an early, 
long-staple cotton. Bolls medium to small in size, lint line and silky, of very good 
length, but low in percentage; seeds fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls per pound, 82; seeds per pound, 3,650; length of lint, 34.8 mm. (If inches), 
varying from 33 to 37 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.2 gms.; per cent of lint, 26.3. 

Adcock. Peterkin Group. 

See Barnes. 
Adktn. Long-Staple Group. 

See Keno. 
African, or African Long- Limb. Big-Boll Group. 

(Also known as African Towhead.) 

Arkansas: Ashley, Faulkner, Howard, and Jefferson counties. 

Louisiana: Catahoula, Franklin, Richland, and Union parishes. 

Mississippi: Coahoma and Webster counties. 

Alabama Bulletin 107. Louisiana Bulletin 16. 

This variety is said to have been originated in Ouachita Parish, La., by a negro 
named Carter Johnson. In Howard County, Ark., it is said to have become a "staple " 
cotton, yielding lint 1} inches in length. 

Foliage large and heavy; bolls large, holding the cotton well during storms; seeds 
large; per cent of lint, 30; length of lint above the average. Not tested. 
163 



Bui. 163, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agricultur 



Plate VIII. 



i < 





DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



25 



African Limbless. Cluster Group. 

Sec Jackson Limbless. 

African Queen. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

Texas: Bosque, Erath, Jones, McLennan, and Stephens counties. 
See Rowden. 

Aldridge, or Okra. Cluster Group. 

Farmer's Dictionary, 1846, page 194. 

Not now grown. 
Alexander's Okra-Leaf. 

North Carolina Bulletin 14(5. 

Not now grown. 
Allen Big-Boll, or Alex. Allen. Big-Boll Group. 

(Also known as Alex. Allen Big-Boll Prolific and Alex. Allen Improved.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 1. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 138, 140. Georgia Bulletins 59, 63, 70. 

Originated about 1897 by Alex. W. Allen, Temple, Carroll County, Ga. Plants 
lacking in uniformity, many of the semicluster habit of growth, with short and 
irregularly jointed fruiting branches; others of more open growth with longer joints, 




Fig. 1.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Allen Big-Boll, or Alex. Allen, 
cotton in cultivation, as reported in 1907. 

medium early in maturity. Bolls from small to very large in size; lint of medium 
length; seeds rather large, fuzzy, brownish or greenish gray. When tested in Texas, 
this variety proved to be very poor in storm-resistant qualities. 

Selected bolls per pound, 51^; seeds per pound, 3,120; length of lint, 23.5 mm. 
(II inch), varying from 22 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 7.7 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 34.1. 

Allen Improved. Early Group. 

Texas: Gray County. 

A synonym of King, or Sugar- Loaf. 
Allen Long-Staple. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

(Also known as Allen Improved.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 2. 

Alabama Bulletins 12, 13, 16, 33, 40, 56, 76, 89, 101, 107, 130, 140. Arkansas Bui. 
letins 18, 58; First and Third Annual Reports. Georgia Bulletins 11, 20, 39, 43, 
Louisiana Bulletins 13, 21, 22, 26, 27, old series; 7, 8, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 28, 29, 35, 47, 
62, 71. new series; Third and Fourth Annual Reports. Mississippi Bulletins 18, 23, 62- 
83, 84, 87, 88, 98; Second, Third, Fourth, Sixth, Eighth, Twelfth, Thirteenth, andSeven- 
163 



26 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



teenth Annual Reports. North Carolina Bulletin 146. Soulh Carolina Bulletins 1, 
oldserie.s; 2, 42, 120, new series; First and Se<'ond Annual Reports. Texas Bulletins 
34, 40, 45, 50, 75. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment vStations, U. S. Dept. of Agri- 
culture. Congressional Cotton Seed Distribution Leaflet for 1903. 

A standard variety developed about 1898 by J. B. Allen, Port (Jibson, Miss., from 
earlier varieties since discarded. It has been sold under the names Allen Silk, Allen 
Long-Stai)le, .\llen Hybrid, J. iV Allen Long-Stapl(% and Talbot. 

Plants tall and pyramidal in .shajte, uniformly semiclustcr in habit of growth, with 
1 to 3 long linil)s frdm near the base of the stalk, and short, irregularly jointed fruiting 
branches. This semicluster habit has become more pronounced in the last few years. 
Bolls medium to small; lint very long and silky; seeds medium to small in size, 
fuzzy, white. 

Bolls per pound, 78; seeds per pound, 3,800; average length of lint, 37 mm. (ly 
inches), varying from 35 to 39 mm.; average strength of single fibers, 4.3 gms.; per 
cent of lint, 23.3. 

Sample from Clarksville, Tex. Bolls per pound, 98; seeds per pound, 4,840; aver- 
age length of lint, 32.3 mm. (L/W inches), varying from 30 to 35 mm.; average strength 
of single fibers, 4.3 gms.; per cent of lint, 29. 




Fig. 2. — Map of the cotton-growing Stales, showing the distribution of .\lleu Long-Staple cotton in culti- 
vation, as reported in 1907. 

Allen's Bed Hustproof. 

See Willet Red-Leaf. 
Allen's Yellow-Bloom. Long-Staple Group. 

Congressional Cotton Seed Distribution Leaflet for 1903. 

Not now grown. It is said to be one of the parents of Allen's Improved. 
Allred's Pet, or Alrid. Peterkin Group. 

Mississippi: Claiborne County. 

Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

An old variety still grown locally in Mississippi and said to have been developed 
by a Mr. Allred, of Martin, ('laiborne County, Miss. 

Alvarado. Peterkin Group. 

Georgia: Butts ('ounty. 

Georgia Bulletin 16. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of 
Agriculture. 

An old variety introduced into Georgia about 1848, now badly mixed with other 
sorts. 

Amerson. Big-Boll Group. 

Georgia: Johnson, Glasscock, and Laurens counties. 

A local variety, early in maturity and yielding fairly large bolls. The originator is 
unknown. 

168 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



27 



Anderson. Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama: Winston County. 

Georgia: Coweta, Hall, Jackson, Madison, Pike, and Walker counties. 

Mississippi: Calhoun County. 

Tennessee: Morgan County. 

Texas: Shelby County. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 70. 

Originated by J. W. Anderson, Williamson, Pike County, Ga. A semicluster, 
large-boiled variety, plants short and stocky in growth, fruiting branches short and 
irregularly jointed; bolls very large; lint of medium length, low in percentage; seeds 
very large, fuzzy, gray and greenish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 46; seeds per pound, 2,820; average length of lint, 24.4 mm. (|| 
inch) , varying from 22 to 26 mm. ; strength of single fibers, 5.7 gms.; per cent of lint, 29.1. 

Angora. 

A local variety grown in Dallas County, Ala. 
Anson Cream. Peterkin Group. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 43. North Carolina Bulletin 168. 
Formerly grown in Anson County, N. C. 



\ 






^ . * • ^ 


• 




\j 



Fig. 3.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Bagley's Big-Boll cotton in culti- 
vation, as reported in 1907. 



Apple-Boll. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

Texas: Dallas and Van Zandt counties. 

See Jackson Round-Boll. 
Arkansas Wonder. Early Group. 

Tested by the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, Ala., in 1907. 
Plant compact in growth, limbs 1 to 3, fruiting branches rather long but short jointed, 
some plants showing a strong tendency toward the semicluster habit; bolls small to 
medium in size, blunt and rounded in shape; lint of medium length; seeds of medium 
size, fuzzy, gray or greenish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 79^; seeds per pound, 3,940; average length of lint, 24 mm. (J-finch), 
varying from 22 to 26 mm.; per cent of lint, 32.3. 

Audrey Peterkin. Peterkin Group. 

Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 
A strain of Peterkin not now grown. 

Aurton, or Auraton. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

A local variety grown quite extensively near Chotard, Issaquena County, Miss. 
Originator unknown. Not tested. 

163 



28 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Bachelor. 

A pynouym of Drake Defiance. 
Baggett's Improved. Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama: (.'oiiecuh County. 

Developed by J. A. T. Baggett, Castleberry, Ala., by selection from Texas Storm- 
proof cotton. ^ 

Bolls mcHlium to large; seeds large, fuzzy ,brownish gray. 

Bolls ])or jKnind, 64; seeds per pound, 3,450; average length of lint, 22.7 mm. 
(|-| inch), varying from 21 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.6 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 'M.?,. 
Bagley's Big-Boll. l'.ui-ik)i,L Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 3. 

In the Eastern States this is a corruption of the name "Beggarly's Big-Boll." It 
has become confused with a cotton said to have been originated by Ed. Bagley, Ash- 
down, Little River Coimty, Ark. Not tested. 

Bahama. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

South Carolina First and Second Annual Reports. Bulletin 33, Office of Experi- 
ment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Said to be the same as Texas Stormproof. Not now grown. 




Fig. 4.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Bancroft's Herlong cotton in culti- 
vation, as reported in 1907. 



Bailey. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Alabama Bulletins 13, 33, 40, 56, 107, 140. Mississip])i Bulletins 18, 62; Fourth 
and Eighth Annual Reports. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. 
of Agriculture. 

Introduced by T. J. King, Louisburg, N. C., and the Bailey Cotton Company, 
Raleigh, N. ('. Not now grown. 

The lint is said to have measured from 28 to 30 mm. in length; per cent of lint, 
25 to 30. 

Baldwin's All-Around. Big-Boll Group. 

Georgia : Morgan and Putnam counties. 

A local variety developed by C. S. Baldwin, Madison, Morgan County, Ga., by 
selection from Nancy Hanks. 

Bolls per pound, 54^; seeds per pound, 3,315; average length of lint, 22.6 mm. 
(11 inch), varying from" 21 to 24 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.6 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 34.1; seeds fuzzy, gray. 

Ballard. 

A local variety formerly grown in Marion County, Ala. 
163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



29 



Banana. Cluster Group. 

Reports of the Patent Office for 1848 and 1850. Report of the Commissioner of Agri- 
culture for 1866. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agricul- 
ture. 

An old variety grown over fifty years ago and long since discarded. 

Bancroft Prolific Long-Staple. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Louisiana Bulletin 21. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of 
Agriculture. 

Origin unknown. Not now in cultivation. 
Bancroft's Herlong. Big-Boll Group. 

(Also known as Bancroft's Prolific and Bancroft's Improved.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 4. 

Alabama Bulletins 33, 34, 40, 52, 56, 76, 107, 130, 140. Arkansas Bulletin 18. 
Georgia Bulletins 11, 20, 56, 63, 66. Louisiana Bulletins 13, 21, 22, 26, 27, old series; 
7, 8, 16, 21, 22, 28, 35, 47, new series. Mississippi Bulletins 18, 23, 98; Second, Third, 
Fourth, and Sixth Annual Reports. South Carolina Bulletins 1, old series; 2, 18, new 
series; First and Second Annual Reports. Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 50. Bulletin 
33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 




Fig. 5. — Map of the eottoH-growing States, showing the distribution of Banks's Big-Boll cotton in culti- 
vation, as reported in 1907. 

A large-boUed , green-seeded cotton developed by Edward Bancroft, of Athens, Ga. 
Mr. Bancroft states that in 1868 a man named Herlong, living in Alabama, sent about 
a dozen cotton seeds in a letter to Dr. W. L. Jones, then editor of the Southern Culti- 
vator, who gave them to Mr. Bancroft to try. At first the variety was too late in 
maturing and it was then mixed with an earlier cotton, probably Dickson, to which 
is due the mixture of white seed and semicluster habit. The bolls were formerly 
smaller; in 1888, 100 bolls weighed a pound; in 1891, 93; and in 1902, 75. 

Plants not uniform in growth, the majority semiclustered, others open and long 
branched; leaves large; bolls large, about 50 per cent 5 locked; seeds large, fuzzy, green 
and brown in color. This is said by Prof. J. F. Duggar to be practically identical with 
Russell, and it is true that plants of the long-branched type are quite similar to Russell, 
but the variety as a whole is too nearly a semicluster type to be considered identical. 

Bolls per pound, 61; seeds per pound, 3,310; average length of lint, 23.7 mm. 
({| inch), varying from 22 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.9 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 34. 

Banks's Big-BoU. Big-Boll Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 5. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. Georgia Bulletin 43. 

This variety is a descendant of Wyche. W. H. Banks, of Newnan, Coweta County, 
Ga., states that he obtained the seed many years ago from Warren Beggarly, of Senoia, 
the introducer of Wyche cotton. 

163 



30 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Plant very similar to AX'ycho, large and stocky in ;j;rowth; leaves large, fruiting 
branches usually long jointed, but some plants showing a trace of semicluster type 
and having shorter and irregularly jointed fruiting branches; bolls very large; lint of 
good length; seeds very large, fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls per pound, 44; seeds per pound, 2,590; average length of lint, 25.5 mm. 
(1 inch), varying from 23 to 29 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.2 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 34.2. 

Barmy Brown. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

Arkan.sas: Drew County. 

A local variety developed, about 1897, by selection, by Banny Brown, of Lacey, Ark. 
Barfield. Cluster Group. 

A local variety reported only from Kemper County, Miss., and Anson County, N. C. 

This cotton was introduced by Thomas Bartield, of Sucarnoochee, Miss., many years 
a^o, and it is said that he obtained the seed in the West Indies. It was taken to Cedar- 
hill, N. C., by Dr. S. B. Carpenter, who has kept the seed ])ure. Harlield has become 
a popular variety in Anson County, being "especially suited to the loamy clay soil 
of the Piedmont section. " 




Fig. 6.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Bass cotton in cultivation, as reported 

in 1907. 

The plant is a true cluster cotton, with 1 or 2 long limbs and with fruiting branches 
reduced to mere spurs; bolls of medium size, closely clustered together; seeds small, 
fuzzy, white; per cent of lint, about 35. 

In Mississippi the Barfield has become a "bender" cotton, but in North Carolina 
the lint is of medium length. 

Barnes. Peterkin Group. 

(Also known as Adcock.) 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of 
Agriculture. 

Reported only from T.eake County, Miss., and said to be the same as Adcock, a 
local variety grown in the same county. liolls of good size, cotton easy to pick and 
wasting badly during storms; lint about three-fourths inch long, per cent, 38.4; seeds 
small, fuzzy, gray. Not tested. 

Barnett, or Barnett Short-Staple. Semicluster Group. 

Alabama Bulletins 5, 12, 13, Ifi, 33, 56, 107, 140. Alabama (Canebrake) Bulletins 
7, 11, 14. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

An old variety not now in cultivation. Originator unknown. 
Barrett. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

"Georgia: Wilkes County. 

Developed from a Mississippi cotton by W. G. Barrett, Royal, Ga. Not tested. 
163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



31 



Basefield. 

Reported only from Rusk ('ounty, Tex. Originator said to be a Mr. Basefield, of 
Minden, Tex. Not tested. 

Bass. Semicluster Group. 

(Also known as Bass Cluster and Bass Big-Boll.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 6. 

Originator said to be I. Bass, of Columbia, Marion County, Miss. Not a uniform 
variety; plants both semicluster and open in growth, the majority semicluster; bolls 
medium to large in size; lint of good length; seeds small, fuzzy, greenish or brownish 
gray. 

Bolls per pound, 88; seeds per pound, 5,050; average length of lint, 25.5 mm. 
(1 inch); average strength of single fibers, 6 gms.; per cent of lint, 30. 

Bates Big-Boll. Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama Bulletin 89. Georgia Bulletin 20. Mississippi Bulletin 62; Sixth and 
Eighth Annual Reports. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U.S. Dept. of 
Agriculture. 

Developed some years ago by R. Bates, of Jackson, S. C. Not now grown. 




Fig. 7.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Bates Little Brown-Seed cotton in 

cultivation, as reported in 1907. 

Bates Favorite. Peterkin G oup. 

Georgia Bulletin 24. Mississippi Bulletin 62; Sixth Annual Report. Bulletin 33, 
Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

An old variety not now cultivated. It was developed by R. Bates, Jackson, S. C, 
and was very similar to Bates Poor-Land. 

Bates Improved Prolific. Peterkin Group. 

Georgia Bulletins 27, 31. South Carolina Bulletins 42, 120. "Cotton," vol. 14, no. 5. 

Developed by R. Bates, Jackson, S. C, and similar to Bates Poor-Land. Not now 
cultivated. 

Bates Little Brown-Seed. Peterkin Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 7. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Mississippi Bulletin 62; Twelfth and Thirteenth Annual 
Reports. 

Developed by R. Bates, Jackson, S. C, and very similar to Bates Victor. Bolls 
per pound, 119; seeds per pound, 6,480; average length of lint, 21.6 mm. (fj inch), 
varying from 20 to 23 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.5 gms.; per cent of lint, 41.9. 
163 



32 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Bates Poor-Land. Peterkin Group. 

Distribulion: Sec map, figure 8. 

Ala])aina BullotiuH 107, 140. 

Developed by R. Bates, Jackson, S. C, and very similar to Bates Victor. 
Bates Victor. Peterkin Group. 

Developed by R. Tiates, Jackson, S. C, by selection from Bates Poor-Land cotton, 
which descended from Bates Little Brown-Seed. 

The Brown-Seed variety was derived from the old Rio Grande cotton mixed with 
a variety known as Australian Hrown-Seed. The older varieties have been discarded 
in favor of the latest improvement. 

Plants uniform in habit of growth, very similar to Peterkin, with 1 to 3 rather slender 
limbs and numerous slender fruiting branches; bolls small in size; lint short, rather 
harsh, wiry, and elastic, percentage very high; seeds very small, covered with a short, 
brownish gray fuzz, none naked. 

Bolls per pound, 113; seeds per pound, 6,235; average length of lint, 23.4 mm. 
(fl inch), varying from 22 to 26 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.9 gms.; per cent of 
lint to seed, 40.3. 

Beard. Big-Boll Group. 

Texas: Wise County. 
A local variety said to have originated in Louisiana. 



Not tested. 




FiQ. 8.- 



-Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Bates Poor-Land cotton in culti- 
vation, as reported in 1907. 



Beat-All, or Hart's Improved. Bio-Boll Group. 

Georgia: Bibb, ('hattahooch(>, Grady, Jefferson, Lee, Schley, Talbot, Terrell, Web- 
ster, Wilcox, and Worth counties. 

Georgia Bulletins 75, 79. 

Originated about fifty years ago by Calvin Carter and Isaac Hart, of Ellaville, Schley 
County, Ga., and has been grown on the same farm and kept pure imtil the present 
time by Emmet Hart, a son of one of the originators. Beat-All is a remarkably uni- 
form variety and for many years has been very popular locally in southern Georgia. 
It was tested in 1906 and 1907 by the Georgia Experiment Station under the name 
"Hart's Improved." The results of these tests show that Beat-All is unsuited to the 
rich soil of the station, as it stood twenty-fourth and twenty-sixth in productiveness. 
It is usually considered specially suited to poor and worn-out land. 

Plant large and stocky in growth, late in maturity, limbs 2 to 3, heavy; fruiting 
branches long and rather long jointed; bolls large; lint of medium length, percentage 
good; seeds large, fuzzy, brownish gray. 

Bolls ])vr pound, 51^; seeds per pound, 3,430; average length of lint, 25.4 mm. 
(I inch), varying from 24 to 28 mm.; average strength of single fibers, 6.9 gms.; per 
cent of lint, .35.7. 

163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



33 



Beatty. Big-Boll Group. 

A variety tested by the Louisiana Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, La., in 1907. 

Bolls per pound, 60; seeds per pound, 3,630; average length of lint, 24.5 mm. 
(11 inch), varying from 23 to 27 mm.; per cent of lint, 31.9. 

Becks Big-Boll. Big-Boll Group. 

(Also known as Becks Prolific and Becks Improved.) 

Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 50. 

A local variety" formerly grown in Texas. 
Beggarly Big-Boll. 

See Wyche. 
Belle Creole. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

The ancestor of Jethro, Jones Long-Staple, Six Oaks, and others. An old variety, 
grown about seventy-five years ago. 




Fig. 9.— Map of the cotton-giowing States, showing the distribution of Berry cotton in cultivation, as 

reported in 1907. 

Benders. 

Not a varietal name. It is applied on the New Orleans market to a medium long- 
staple cotton coming from the bends of the Mississippi River in Louisiana, Mississippi, 
and Arkansas. The staple usually averages 1\ inches long and is also called "quar- 
ter" cotton. 

Berry. Big-Boll Group. 

(Also known as Berry's Early Big-Boll.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 9. 

Alabama Bulletins 138, 140. Alabama (Tuskegee) Bulletin 7. Alabama (Cane- 
brake) Bulletin 23. Georgia Bulletins 52, 59. Mississippi Bulletin 88. 

J. L. Berry, of Griffin, Ga., developed this variety from a stray plant fomid growing 
in his yard in 1895. It differs from other closely related big-bolls in its semicluster 
habit of growth and early maturity. 

Plants usually semicluster in growth, with 1 to 3 long limbs and numerous short 
and irregularly jointed fruiting branches; a few plants more open in growth, with 
longer fruiting branches; bolls large, lint of good length, rather low in percentage; 
seeds large, fuzzy, gray or greenish gray in color. 

The following measurements were taken from a representative sample obtained 
from Mr. Berry's farm at Griffin. 

Bolls per pound, 50; seeds per pound, 2,840; average length of lint, 25.6 mm. 
(I3V inches), varying from 23 to 28 mm.; average strength of single fibers, 6 gms.; per 
cent of lint to seed, 30. LTnfortunately, this variety does not make as good a showing 

11500— Bui. 163—10 3 



34 VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

when tested away from home. At the experiment stations of Alabama, Louisiana, 
and Texas in 1907 the bolls averaged 60 per pound, the lint averaged 22.5 mm. 
(II inch) in length, and the per cent 29.2. 

Berryhill. Peterkin Group. 

Georgia: Cobb County. 

Mississippi: Amite and Washington counties. 

South Carolina: Darlington County. 

Texas: Fayette County. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 43. 

A variety developed by selection from Brannon, by F. M. Berryhill, of Aline, Miss. 

Plants not uniform, both semicluster and lung branched in habit; bolls medium 
in size; percentage of lint good; seeds small, fuzzy, greenish and bro^vnish gray in 
color. 

Bolls per pound, 76; seeds per pound, 5,380; average length of lint, 23 mm. (|? inch), 
varying from 21 to 24 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.2 gms.; per cent of lint, 36.8. 

Bertrand Improved. Semicluster Group. 

A sjTionym of Hawkins. 
Best-Crop. Big-Boll Group. 

Reported only from Cobb County, Ga. Originated by T. Y. Crowder, Kenne- 
Baw, Ga. 

Plant not seen. Bolls very large, lint of good length, just "thirding itself" in per- 
centage, seeds very large, fuzzy, white. 

Bolls per pound, 38^; seeds per pound, 2,550; average length of lint, 26 mm. 
{1^^ inches), varying from 24 to 27 mm.; average strength of single fibers, 6.8 gms.; 
per cent of lint to seed, 33.3. 

Biard Green-Seed. Big-Boll Group. 

Developed by selection from the old Green-Seed variety by J. R. Biard, Hugo, 
Okla. A local variety reported only from Choctaw County, Okla. Not tested. 

Bidel Hoover. 

A local variety reported from Covington County, Ala. Originator unknown. Not 
tested . 

Bienvenu Bender. 

A local variety n^ported from Pointe Coupee Parish, Iai. Originator unknown. 
Not tested. 

Big-BoU Green- Seed. 

Sec Rus^iell. 
Big Brannon. Peterkin Group. 

A selection for larger bolls; otherwise similar to Brannon. Tested by the Louisiana 
Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, La., in 1907. A sample obtained from that station 
measures as follows: 

Bolls per j)ound, 66; seeds per pound, 4,000; average length of lint, 24.6 mm. 
(f^ inch), varying from 23 to 26 mm.; per cent of lint to seed, 31.9; seeds fuzzy, 
greenish or brownish gray or nearly smooth and black. 

Big-Buck. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

A local variety, grown extensively in Collin County, Tex. It is suid that the seed 
was taken to (Jollin from Liberty County, Tex., several years ago. 

Bigham. Semicluster Group. 

Originated by L. II. Bigham, of Forrestville, Florence County, S. C, and intro- 
duced by him in 1896. 

Plants semicluster in habit of growth, but not iniiform, there being a considerable 
proportion of longer branched plants v/ith larger bolls; lint of good length —the per- 
centage, which is claimed to be very high, in our test proved to be only medium; 
seeds small, fuzzy, brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 79^; seeds per ])ound, 4,160; average length of lint, 28 mm. 
(1 A inches), varying from 25 to 30 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.8 gms.; per cent 
of lint to seed, 32.4. 

163 



DESCEIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



35 



Biglow. » Big-Boll Group. 

A local variety, grown in Johnson and Howard counties, Ark. It was introduced 
about 1882 and has become a popular variety in these counties. Originator unknown. 
Not tested. 

Bigner. Peterkin Group. 

A local variety, grown in Lawrence County, Miss., and said to have been originated 
by L. A. Bigner, of that county. Not tested. 

Bishop. ■ Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Reported only from Choctaw County, Ala. It is stated that the plant is somewhat 
clustered in growth, maturing early, bolls small, lint medium to long and percentage 
rather low. Originator unknown. Not tested. 

Blackburn. Big-Boll Group. 

A local variety, grown in Fayette County, Ala., and originated by John Blackburn, 
Fayette, Ala. 

Bolls per pound, 52; seeds per pound, 3,690; average length of lint, 24.2 mm. 
({| inch), varying from 23 to 28 mm.; strength of single fibers, (i.7 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 36. 




Fig. 10.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Black Rattler cotton in cultivation, 

as reported in 1907. 

Black Peterkin. Peterkin Group. 

Reported from Jackson ('ounty, Fla. A selection from Peterkin yielding smooth, 
black seed. Bolls of medium size; lint of medium length, per cent about 39. Not 
tested . 

Black Prolific. Peterkin Group. 

Originated by J. P. Black, Adelle, Madison County, Miss., and reported also from 
Hinds County. 

Bolls rather small; seeds small, fuzzy, brownish gray; lint of medium length, per- 
centage a little above the average. 

Bolls per pound, 79^; seeds per pound, 5,050; average length of lint, 23.7 mm. 
(}f inch), varying from 22 to 28 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.9 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 34.5. 

Black Rattler. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 10. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Mississippi Bulletins 83, 84, 87; Seventeenth Annual 
Report. 

A "quarter" cotton, grown quite extensively near the Mississippi River. It is said 
to have been developed in Bolivar County, Miss., but the originator's name is not 
known. 

163 



36 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Plants rather large in growth, with 1 to '6 limbs and slender, medium-jointed fruiting 
branches; leaves medium to small in size; bolls small, pointed, the bur sharj), lacerat- 
ing the hands of pickers; lint rather short for a long-staple cotton, not as silky as Allen, 
of fair strength, ])ercentage of lint medium; seeds nearly smooth, black. 

Bolls per pound, 94; seeds per pound, 5,070; average length of lint, 31 mm. (Ig^^ 
inches); strength of single fibers, 4.8 gms. ; per cent of lint to seed, 32.6. 

Black Ribbon. Upland Long-Staplk (iRoup. 

Alabama Bulletin 130. South Carolina Bulletin iL'O. 

Developed by the South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Clemson Col- 
lege, S. C. 

A black-seeded selection from Bhie Ili])b<)n; otherwise the same as that variety. 

Black-Seed. 

Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 
A name generally applied to Sea Island cotton, but in some sections to a smooth- 
seeded strain of Peterkin. 

Blanchard Improved. 

A local variety formerly grown in Lincoln and Columbia counties, Ga. Not reported 
lately and j^robably not in cultivation. 




Fig. 11. 



-Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Bohemian cotton in cultivation, as 

reported in 1907. 



Upland Long-Staple Gkoip. 
(ieorgia Bulletin 59. South Carolina Bulletin 



Blue Ribbon. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 138, 140. 
120. 

Developedbythe South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Clemson College, 
S. C. , and reported as being grown in Greenwood and Lancaster counties, S. C. A cross 
between Dickson and Allen Long-Staple, semicluster in habit of growth; lint rather 
short for a long-stai)le cotton, percentage medium. 

Bob, or Bob-Silk. 

Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Not now in cultivation. 
Bohemian. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

(Also known as Supak, Shupark, Shoepock, Shuparch, etc.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 11. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 50. 

Originated nearly fifty years ago by a Bohemian settler named Supak living in 
Travis, Austin County, Tex. It has been one of the most popular varieties grown 
in Texas, and is still grown extensively, though considerably mixed with other cot- 
tons. It is the parent of Kowden and some other varieties. 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 37 

Plant rather large; limbs 2 to 3, stocky, often nearly prostrate; fruiting branches 
numerous, long, and somewhat drooping; joints short and regular, making the plant 
very prolific; foliage quite large and heavy; bolls large, the majority 5-locked, usually 
turned downward by their weight, aided by the drooping branches, so that when the 
boll opens the cotton is protected by a roof formed partly by the broad backs of the 
segments of the bur and partly by the large involucres; locks of cotton clinging 
together and easily picked; lint of medium length; seeds large, fuzzy, gray or brown- 
ish gray. 

Bolls per pouiid, 55; seeds per pound, 3,240; average length of lint, 23.7 mm. 
(If inch), varying from 21 to 25 mm.; average strength of single fibers, 5.3 gms. ; per 
cent of lint, 33 to'"34. 

Bollworm Immune. 

A strain of Russell developed by C. A. Towles, Cork, Butts County, Ga., and reported 
only from that county. 

Bolls per pound, 58; seeds per pound, 3,045; average length of lint, 24 mm. (-ff 
inch), varying from 23 to 25 mm. ; strength of single fibers, 6.8 gms; per cent of lint, 33. 

Bond's Prolific. 

Louisiana Bulletin 71. 
Not now grown. 

Boozer. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Alabama: Talladega County. 
Arkansas: Faulkner and Lincoln counties. 
Georgia: Franklin County. 

Mississippi: Perry, Simpson, and Smith counties. 
Texas: Bosque, Gregg, Limestone, Red River, and Young counties. 

Originated in Red River County, Tex., by W. R. Boozer, and is especially suited 
to sandy upland soil where other long-staple varieties fail. 

Plant tall and pyramidal in shape, with 1 to 3 limbs, and numerous slender fruit- 
ing branches, the latter with regular joints of medium length; leaves light green, 
rather small in size; bolls small, pointed; lint very soft and silky, percentage low; 
seeds rather small, fuzzy, with sparse gray fuzz. 

Bolls per pound, 87; seeds per pound, 4,100; average length of lint, 32 mm. (1^ 
inches), varying from 25 to 36 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.3 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 27.6. ' 

Borden, or Borden Prolific. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. South Carolina Second Annual Report. Bulletin 33, 
Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 
Not now grown. 

Borneo. 

Louisiana Bulletin 62. 
Not now grown. 

Boyd Prolific. Semicluster Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 12. 

Alabama Bulletins 76, 107, 140. Arkansas Third Annual Report. Louisiana Bul- 
letins 13, 21, 22, 26, 27, old series; 7, 8, 16, 17, 22, 28, 47, 62, 71, new series; Third 
and Fourth Annual Reports. Mississippi Bulletin 18; Fourth Annual Report. Texas 
Bulletin 40. Bulletin 33, Ofhce of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

An old variety grown in Mississippi sixty years ago and the parent of several 
improved cottons of to-day. It is said to have been originated by a Mr. Boyd, of 
Mississippi. Although this variety, so called, is grown over a large portion of the 
cotton belt, it is so badly mixed as to have lost its identity. The samples tested 
by us proved to belong to the long-staple Upland group. The true Boyd Prolihc is 
described as being a semicluster cotton, with 1 to 3 limbs and numerous fruiting 
branches with short and irregular joints; bolls medium to small, rounded; lint rather 
short, per cent 30 to 32; seeds small, fuzzy, brownish gray. 
163 



38 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Boykin Stormproof. Big-Boll Stormproof (jroup. 

Disiribution: See map, fi<;ure 13. 

Orijiinated by W. L. Boykin, Kaufman, Kaufman County, Tex. Plant large and 
stocky in gnnvth. fruitintr branches long and long jointed, rather late in maturity; 
bolls large to very large, the majority 5-l()cke<l, hdlding the cotton well during 
storms, l)utvery easily jiicked, as the bolls hang tlownward and the locks cling together 
in one mass; lint of good length, percentage good; seeds large, fuzzy, brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 50; seeds ])er pound, :i,280; average length of lint, 2(1.2 mm. (l.j'.^ 
inches), varying from 2:i to 29 nun.; strength of single libers, 5.2 gms. ; ])er cent of 
lint, 34. ■ 
Braddy. Peterxin (iroup. 

South Carolina: Edgelield and Marion counties. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. North Carolina Tenth Annual Report (Brady). Congres- 
sional Cotton Seed Distribution I^eaflet for 1902. Bulletin 31^ Ofifice of Experiment 
Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

A selection from Simpson made in liS9(), by L. C. Braddy, of Dillon, S. C, very 
similar to Peterkin, but yielding a liigher ))ercentage of lint. 




Fig. 12.— Map of the cotton-growing iStates, showing the distrilxition of Hoyd Prolific cotton in cultivation 

as reported in 1907. 

Bragg Long-Staple. Upland Lokc.-St.\ple Group. 

Mississippi Bulletin 23. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, V. S. Dept. 
of Agriculture. 

Not now in cultivation. It is said to have been a hybrid between Sea Island and 
Upland cotton. 

Brandon. 

A synonym of Brannon. 
Brannon. 

Arkansas: Lafayette County. 

Louisiana: A.scension, Avoyelles, De Soto, East Baton Rouge, East Feliciana, 
Livingston, Morehouse, Pointe Coupee, St. Helena, St. Landry, Vernon, and West 
Feliciana parishes. 

Mississipj)i: Amite, liolivar. Hinds, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Pearl River counties. 

Alabama Bidletiii 140. Louisiana Bulletins 13, 21, 22, 26, 27, old series; 7, 8, Ifi, 17, 
22, 28, new series. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of 
Agriculture. 

Developed by a selection made nearly forty years ago by G. W. Brannon, formerly 
of East Feliciana Parish, La. The improvem'ent of this popular variety has been 
carried on by N. B. Riddle, of Riddle, West Feliciana Parish, a son-in-law of the 

163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



39 



originator, and by G. Brannon, of Lindsey, East Feliciana Parish. Brannon cotton 
is generally considered an intermediate between the Upland long-staple and Peterkin 
groups. 

Plants tall and rather slender, limbs 1 to 3 or more, fruitmg branches long and rather 
long jointed, bolls nunlium to large, seeds medium in size, covered with a short, sparse, 
brownish-gray fuzz or nearly naked. . . 

The following measvuxmients were obtained from a sample grown at the Louisiana 
(Baton Rouge) station in 1907: 

Bolls per pound, (i(;; seeds per pound, 4,000; average length of lint, 1 inch; per cent 
of lint, 32 to 37. ' 
Braswell Cluster, or Braswell Short-Limb. Semicluster Group. 

North Carolina: Edgecombe County. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. 

Developed by David Braswell, of Edgecombe County, about 1883. It was probably 
a selection from Boyd Prolific. An early-maturing variety with medium-sized bolls 
and short lint running above the average in percentage. 
Brazier. Peterkin Group. 

Alabama (Canebrake) Bulletins 11, 14. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, 
U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

A strain of Peterkin introduced by Capt. W. H. Brazier, Uniontown, Ala. Not 
now in cultivation. 




Fig. 13.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Boykin Stormproof cotton in cul- 
tivation, as reported in 1907. 

Breadfield. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Reported only from Clarke County, Miss. Originator not known. The seed has 

been selected and kept pure by M. F. Berry, of Pachuta, Miss., who states that the 

yield is above the average for "staple" cottons and that the lint is very fine and silky. 

Breeden, or Breeden's Prolific. Early Grotjp. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 47. South Carolina Bulletin 120. 

Not now grown. It was developed by T. L. Breeden, Lester, S. C. 
BroadweU Double-Jointed. Early Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 14. 

Georgia Bulletin 75. 

A strain of King developed by John B. BroadweU, R. F. D. No. 4, Alpharetta, Ga. 
It is more productive than King, but otherwise it is very similar. The bolls are small 
and the cotton falls out too easily during storms, the fruiting branches show a tendency 
to become irregularly joint(Hl when grown on rich soil, and two bolls are sometinies 
found close together, but not actually arismg from the same joint; flowers often with 
petal spots; lint of medium length, percentage medium; seeds small, fuzzy, green or 
brownish gray. 
163 



40 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Samples of this col ion grown at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College 
Station, Tex., and in a variety test at Waco, Tex., were tested as follows: 

Bolls per pound, 105; seeds per pound, 4,700 (College Station), 4,500 (Waco); aA'er- 
age length of lint, 2\ mm. (Jit inch), varying from 18 to 23 mm.; per cent of lint, 32.3 
(College Station) and 33.6 (Waco). 

Brooks Improved. 

(Also known as Brooks "No Name.") 

Georgia Bulletins 27, 31. Louisiana Bulletins 17, 22, 28. Bulletin 33, Office of 
Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Developed by S. L. Brooks, Washington, Ga. A small-boll variety no longer 
cultivated. 

Brown No. 1. Bki-Boll Group. 

Alabama: Clay and Greene counties. 

Georgia: Meriwether County. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletins 70, 75. 

A strain of Cook's Lnproved developed by W. L. Brown, Decatur, Ga. The per- 
centage though liigh is somewhat lower than Cook's Improved, but this is offset by the 
larger bolls. It is more uniform than the parent variety and resembles the Beat-All 
tendency to be seen in Cook's Improved. 




4.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of liroadwell Double-Jointed cotton 
in cultivation, as reported in 1907. 

Plant large and stocky in growth, fruiting branches with joints of medium length, 
showing but little tendency to semicluster, leaves large, bolls more ovate and pointed 
than those of Cook's Improved, lint rather short; seeds of medium size, fuzzy, brownish 
or greenish gray. 

A sample sent by Mr. Brown gave the following measurements: 

Bolls per pound, 48; seeds per pound, 3,600; average length of lint, 22.1 mm. (| inch), 
varying from 19 to 24 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.3 gms.; p(>r cent of lint, 38. 

The above sample was selected for size of boll, average bolls weighing 60 to the pound. 
Brown Peterkin. Peterkin Group. 

A strain of Peterkin with fuzzy brown seeds in Lincoln County, Ga. 
Bryant. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

lli'ported only from Howard County, Ark. This is said to have been developed in 
Red River County, Tex., and was formerly grown near Clarksville, Tex. Not tested. 

Burke. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Louisiana: Concordia Parish. 

Mississippi: Yazoo County. 

Originated by Rev. J. T. Burke, of Benton, Yazoo County, Miss. 

Bolls per pound, 71; seeds per pound, 4,000; average length of lint, 33.7 mm. 
{\-\l inches), varying from 31 to 35 mm. ; strength of single libers, 3.5 gms. : por cent of 
lint, 27.6. 

163 



\ DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 41 

Burvine. 

Reported only from Hall County, Ga. Not tested. 

Butler, or Butler Early. 
Alabama: Conecuh County. 
Arkansas: Randolph County. 
Georgia: Emanuel County. 
North CaroUna: Mecklenburg County. 
South Carolina: Lexington County. 
Tennessee: Maury County. 
Alabama Bulletin 140. 
Originator unknown. A badly mixed strain belonging to no particular group. 

Buxkemper. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

An early big-boll cotton reported from Falls and Bell counties, Tex. Developed 
by W. Buxkemper, Oenaville, Tex. 

Bolls per poimd, 51; seeds per pound, 3,300; average length of lint, 22 mm. (f | inch), 
varying from 20 to 24 mm.; strength of single fibers, 9 gms. ; per cent of lint, 35.7. 

Cameron, or Cameron Early. 

Alabama: Green County. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 138, 140. Georgia Bulletins 52, 56, 63. Mississippi Bulle- 
tins 62, 79; Thirteenth Annual Report. 

Originated by R. R. Cameron, West Green, Ala., by crossing Peterkin with Drake 
Cluster. The plant resembles the former parent, but the percentage of lint is low 
and the quality somewhat better than Peterkin; seeds fuzzy, brownish gray. 

Bolls perpound, 67J; seeds per pound, 4,250; average length of lint, 23 mm. (f | inch), 
varying from 22 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.4 gms.; per cent of lint, 30.4. 

Candell Improved. Big-Boll Group. 

Georgia Bulletin 70. 

A local variety not now in cultivation. 

Carlisle. 

A local variety reported from Marion County, Miss. Developed by John L. Carlisle, 
Goss, Miss. 

Bolls per pound, 69; seeds per pound, 3,850; average length of lint, 24.4 mm. 
(^f inch), varying from 21 to 27 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.9 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 33.4. 

Carolina Pride, or South Carolina Pride. 

See. Early Carolina. 

Carolina Queen. 
Alabama Bulletin 140. 
Not now in cultivation. 

Carr. Big-Boll Group. 

Reported from Duplin County, N. C. Developed by Thomas J. Carr, Rose Hill, 
N. C, and said to be a cross between Johnson and Russell. Seeds large, fuzzy, green 
and gray in color. 

A sample obtained from the originator tested as follows; 

Bolls per pound, 59|; seeds per pound, 3,180; average length of lint, 25.4 mm. 
(1 inch), varying from 24 to 27 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.3 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 32.5. 

Catawba. 

Mississippi Bulletin 18; Fourth Annual Report. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment 
Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Originated by W. R. Davis, Lanford, S. C. Not now grown. 

Cedar-Bush. 

A local variety formerly grown in Tarrant County, Tex. Not reported in 1907. 
163 



42 



VARIETIES OP AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Chambers. 

South Carolina Bulletin 2; First Annual Report. HuUet in 33, Office of Experiment 
Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 
Not now grown. 

Champion. 

Sfc Clayton's Champion. 

Champion Cluster. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Mississippi Bulletin 62; Second and Fourth Annual Reports. 
Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. I)ej)t. of Agriculture. 

Not now grown. 
Cheatum. 

Alabama Report for 1881-82. Oklahoma Bulletin 23. 

Formerly grown in Jones and Navarro counties, Tex., but not reported in 1907. A 
variety called "Cheatham" was tested by the Alabama experiment station in 1880. 

Cheise. Hki-Boli, Group. 

Alabama HuUetins 107, 140. 
A local variety not now in cultivation. 




Fig. 15.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Christopher, or Christopher 
Itiiliroved, cotton in cultivation, :is reported in 1907. 

Cherry. Semicluster Group. 

(Also known as Cherry Cluster and Cherry Long-Staple Prolific.) 
Alabama Bulletins 5, 12, 13, 16, 33, 40, 56, 71, 76, 107, 140. Alabama (Canebrake) 
Bulletins 7, 11, 14. Arkansas Third Annual Report. Louisiana Bulletins 13, 21, 22, 
26, 27, old series; 8, 16, new series. Mississippi Bulletins 18, 23, (i2; Third and Fourth 
Annual Reports. Oklahoma Bulletin 23. South Carolina Bulletin 1, old series; 
First and Second Annual Reports. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. 
Dept. of Agriculture. 

Not now grown. It is said to have been an early variety resembling Peerless. 
Chester Improved. 

A local variety grown in Lee County, S. C. Not tested. 
Christopher, or Christopher Improved. 

Distribution: See map, figure 15. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 138, 140. Georgia Bulletins 43, 47. 
Seed Distribution Leafllet for 1902. 

A strain of Wyche or one of its derivatives developed by R. 11 
Asbury, Ga. 

Plants pyramidal in shape, somewhat semiclustered in habit of growth, limbs 1 to 2, 
fruiting branches 18 inches long at the base of the stalk, becoming shorter above, 

163 



Bir.-BoLL Group. 
Congressi<)nal Cotton 
Christopher, 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 43 

joints short and irregular, leaves large, bolls of good size, rounded, with a blunt apex, 
seeds large, fuzzy, greenish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 60; seeds per pound, 3,425; average length of lint, 23.2 mm. 
m inch), varying from 22 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.2 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 33.9. 
Claiborne. 

A local variety reported only from Baxter County, Ark. Not tested. 
Clardy. " Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

A local variety reported from Howard County, Ark. It was developed from a cross 
made eight years ago between Texas Stormproof and King by James W. Clardy, 
Center Point, Ark., and J. W. Willis, Greenville, Miss. The Clardy is said to be an 
early, big-boll, stormproof cotton well adapted to weevil conditions. Not tested. 

Clark. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

A large-boll, late-matiiring cotton, grown locally in Parker County, Tex. Not 
tested. 

Clark's Improved. 

A medium-boll cotton originated by T. V. Clark, Cuthbert, Ga., and grown locally 
in Randolph County. 

Bolls per pound, 75; seeds per pound, 3,980; length of lint, 25.4 mm. (1 inch), 
varying from 22 to 28 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.2 gms.; per cent of lint, 33.4. 

Clay. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Origin unknown. A medium long-staple cotton. Not as silky and fine as Sun- 
flower. Not now grown. 

Clayton's Champion. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

Reported from Taylor County, Tex., and Caldwell Parish, La. Developed by G. 

Clayton, Abilene, Tex. Plant not seen. 

/ Seeds fuzzy, gray or greenish gray; bolls per pound, 77; seeds per pound, 3,950; 
' average length of lint, 24.5 mm. (f^ inch), varying from 23 to 26 mm.; strength of 

single fibers, 5.9 gms.; per cent of lint, 30.8. 

Cleveland. Big-Boll Group. 

(Also known as Cleveland Big-Boll and Cleveland Reimproved.) 

Mississippi: Newton and Winston counties. 

Alabama Bulletins 138, 140. Georgia Bulletins 35, 75, 79. Mississippi Bulletin 98. 

Developed by J. R. Cleveland, Decatur, Miss., by twenty-five years of selection. 
Plants not uniform, being both semicluster and open in growth, joints of the fruiting 
branches medium to short, making the variety quite early in maturity, bolls large, 
50 per cent 5-locked, not stormproof, lint of medium length, seeds large, fuzzy, light- 
brownish gray in color. 

Bolls per pound, usually 60 (but selected bolls sent by Mr. Cleveland weighed 48 
to the pound); seeds per pound, 3,100; average length of lint, 23.5 mm. (}f inch), 
varying from 22 to 25 mm. ; strength of single fibers, 5.5 gms. ; per cent of lint, 35 to 37. 

Cliatt, or Cliatt's Improved. Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 47. 

A local variety grown in Columbia County, Ga., and developed by R. A. Cliatt, of 
Grovetown, Ga. Plant not seen. 

Bolls per pound, 56; seeds per pound, 3,420; average length of lint, 22.6 "mm. 
(fl inch), varying from 20 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 7.1 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 34.3. 

Cluster. 

(Also known as Multiflora, Moneybush, and Royal Cluster.) 

Report of the Patent Office for 1850. 

An old variety, not now grown. 
Cobweb. Ii^PLAND Long-Staple Group. 

(Also known as Collin's Cobweb and Spiderweb.) 

Arkansas: Lafayette, Phillips, and Saline counties. 

Mississippi: Issaquena County. 

Tennessee: Chester and Hardin counties. 
163 



44 vAHTi-yriEs of American upland cotton. 

Developed by W. E. ColliiiH, Mayersville, Mis8., aboul 1878, from a cross between 
Peeler and Sea Island. Formerly a very fine and silky staple, bnt now badly mixed 
with shorter stapled cottons. 

A sample from the originator tested as follows: 

Bolls per pound, 104; seeds per pound, 4,700; average length of lint, 29.5 mm. 
(l/'> inches), varying from 26 to 33 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.3 gms.; per cent 
of'lmt, 29.9. 

Cochran. Semicluster Group. 

(Also known as Cochran's Extra-Prolific and Cochran's Short-Liml) Prolific.) 
Georgia Bulletins Ki, 20. Louisiana Bulletins 21, 22, 28, 29. Mississippi Bulletins 

18, 23; Fourth and Sixth Annual Reports. Texas JJulletins 34, 40, 45, 50. Bulletin 

33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 
An old variety tested by the experiment stations about fifteen years ago. Not 

now grown. 

Coleman. Semicluster Group. 

(Also known as Coleman Cluster.) 

Developed by J. T. Coleman, Graymounl, Ga., and reported only from Jenkins 
County, Ga. Not tested. 

Coley. Upland Lonci-Staple Group. 

Arkansas: Howard and Hempstead counties. 

Deyeloped by W. P. Coley, Buck Range, Ark. Plant not seen; liiil long, fine, 
and silky; percentage rather low; seeds of medium size, fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls j)er pound, 73; seeds per pound, 3,G50; average length of lint, 33 mm. (1/^ 
inches), varying from 31 to 34 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.1 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 28.6. 

Colthorp. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

(Also known as Colthorp Pride, Colthorp Prickle, and Colthorp Eureka.) 
See Keno. 

Columbia. Upland LoNfi-STAPLE Group. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 79. 

A selection from Russell made by Dr. H. J. Webber while in charge of Plant Breeding 
Investigations, U. S. Department of Agriculture, now of Cornell University, Ithaca, 
N. Y. This variety is remarkable in having been developed from a short-staple 
cotton on upland soil in South Carolina. 

Plant similar to Russell; bolls large, long ovate, 59 per cent 5-locked; lint rather 
short for a long-staple cotton; needing further selection, as it is not yet uniform; not 
as silky as Sunflower but stronger; seeds large, fuzzy, gray, a small proportion green. 
The following measurements are taken from a sample grown at the experiment sta- 
tion. Experiment, Ga., in 1907: 

liolls per pound, 66^; seeds per pound, 3,400; average length of lint, 31.7 mm. (1^ 
inches), varying from 27 to 33 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.6 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 31.7. 

At the Louisiana Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, La., the length of lint averaged 
26.8 mm. (1^. inches), varying from 22 to 30 mm., and at the Texas Agricultural 
Experiment Station, College Station, Tex., the average length was 28.6 mm. (IJ 
inches), varying from 27 to 30 mm. 

Commander. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

(Also known as Commander's Pet and Commander's Pride.) 

Develoi)ed by R. ('. Commander, Florence, Florence County, S. C, and also reported 
from Williamsburg County, S. C. Plant not seen ; boll small; lint of fair length, soft, 
and silky; seeds small, fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls per pound, 104; seeds per pound, 4,860; average length of lint, 29.8 mm. (1^^ 
inches), varying from 25 to 33 mm. ; strength of single fibers, 4.1 gms. ; per cent of lint" 
30.1. 

Compton Prolific. Big-Boll Group. 

A local variety grown in Greenwood County, S. C, and developed by H. B. Comp- 
ton, R. F. D. No. 5, Greenwood, S. C. Plant not seen. Seeds of medium size, fuzzy, 
greenish or brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound. 64; seeds per pound, 4,300: average length of lint, 24.3 mm. (|| 
inchj, varying from 22 to 26 mm. ; strength of single fibers, 6.5 gms. ; per cent of lint, 33. 
10.". 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



45 



Cook, or J. C. Cook. 

Alabama Bulletins 33, 34, 56, 107, 140. 
U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 
See Willet Red-Leaf. 



Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, 



Upland Long-Staple Group. 



Cook Long-Staple. 

Distribution: See map, figure 16. 

Alabama Bulletins 22, 33, 34, 40, 52, 56, 71, 76, 107, 130, 140. Georgia Bulletins 11, 
20. Louisiana Bulletins 21, 22, 28, 29. Mississippi Bulletins 18, 23, 62, 88, 98; Third 
Fourth, Sixth, and Eighth Annual Reports. South Carolina Bulletins 18, 120. Bul- 
letin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Developed by W. A. Cook at Newman, Miss. Seed can now be obtained from Mrs. 
W. A. Cook, Utica, Miss. Cook has been one of the leading varieties of "staple" cot- 
tons for many years and is closely related to Allen. 

Plant tall and pyramidal in shape, with 1 to 3 limbs, or often none, fruiting branches 
showing a tendency to semicluster, but not as short and irregularly jointed as Allen; 
bolls of medium size, pointed; lintof good length, soft, and silky; seeds of medium size, 
fuzzy, gray. 




Fig. 16. — Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Cook Long-Staple cotton in culti- 
vation, as reported in 1907. 

A sample grown at the Louisiana Experiment Station in 1907 tested as follows: 
Bolls per pound, 60; seeds per pound, 3,650; average length of lint, 31.7 mm. (1^ 
inches), varying from 28 to 36 mm. ; strength of single fibers, 4.7 gms. ; per cent of lint, 
28.3. ^ _ 1 

The bolls of the above sample were larger and the lint shorter than is usual. ' 

Cook's Improved. Big-Boll Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 17. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 138, 140. Georgia Bulletins 63, 66, 70, 75, 79. Mississippi 
Bulletins 88, 98. North Carolina State Board of Agriculture Bulletin for September, 
1906. Congressional Cotton Seed Distribution Leaflet for 1906. 

A medium to large boll variety yielding a high percentage of lint, originated by J. R. 
Cook, Ellaville, Ga. Mr. Cook states that about 1893 he received from the U. S. De- 
partment of Agriculture a bag of cotton seed, the name of which is now unobtainable. 
He planted it by the side of Beat-All, which he was growing at the time. It proved to 
be a small-boll cluster cotton resembling Dickson, and was discarded as being less pro- 
ductive than Beat- All. This variety was accidentally hybridized with Beat- All, and the 
next year Mr. Cook noticed one plant intermediate in type, very high in percentage of 
lint, and early in maturity. Cook's Improved was developed from this plant, but was 
not rigorously selected to type. As a result the variety has become a composite of 
long-branched, large-boll cottons at one extreme, of short-branched or semicluster, 
small-boll cottons at the other, and a large proportion of plants intermediate between 
the two. Bolls average medium to large in size, quite round, 54 per cent 5-locked; 

163 



46 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



lint short, but high in percentage; seeds medium in eize, fuzzy, greenish or brownish 
gray. This variety is liable to injury from boll-rot and also lacks stormproof characters. 
The bolls average 60 to ()5 p(>r ])oun(l, but selected bolls sent by Mr. Cook averaged 
53i per pound; seeds per pound, 4. ()()(); average length of lint, 22 mm. (J inch), varying 
from 20 to 24 mm.; strength of single libers, 6.8 gms. ; per cent of lint, 38.5. 



Coppedge. 

(Also known as Coppedge Improved.) 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. (Jeorgia Bulletin 43. 

Developed by C. S. Coppedge, Nyson, Ga. Not now grown. 



Big-Boll Group. 



Big-Boll Group. 



Corley Wonderful. 

Alabama: Coosa County. 

Georgia Bulletin 79. 

A strain of Russell developed by selection by W. A. Corley, Kellyton, Ala. It is 
claimed that this variety yields from 38 to 40 per cent of lint, this being an improvement 
over Russell, which rarely thirds itself. Tlu; sample from Mr. Corley, measurements 
of which are given below, yielded a good percentage, as did also a sample from the 
Georgia Experiment Station, but when grown at other experiment stations the per- 
centage was low. 




Fig. 17.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Cook's Improved cotton in culti- 
vation, as reported in 1907. 

Plant similar to Russell, bolls large, ranging from 48 to the pound at Baton Rouge, 
La., to 70 at College Station, Tex.; lint of medium length; seeds large, fuzzy, gray or 
greenish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 48; seeds per jkhuuI, 2,950; average length of lint, 25.2 mm. (|i 
inch), varying from 22 to 28 mm. ; strength of single fibers, (i gms. ; per cent of lint, 36.2. 

Corput Find. Big-Boll Group. 

(Also known as llardwick.) 

Arkansas: Desha t'oiuity. 

Georgia: Bartow, Floyd, Gordon, and Macon counties. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 56. 

Developed by Felix Corput, of Cave Sj)ring, Ga., from a single plant found in the 
year 1899. Corput Find was tested by the Georgia station in 1901 and ftnuid to be 
early but not very productive. It has become badly mixed anil the bolls areoften 
too small for a big-boll cotton. Seeds large, fuzzy, greenish or brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 72; seeds per pound, 3,240; average length of lint, 25 mm. (§!1 inch); 
strength of single fibers, 5.4 gms.; per cent of lint, 32. 

Cowpen. Big-Boll Group. 

Now reported only from Live Oak County, Tex.; formerly grown also in Nueces 
and San Patricio counties. The originator is unknown. It is said the variety was 
developed from a single plant found in a cowpen in northern Texas. Not testea. 

1G3 



DESCEIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



47 



Cox. Big-Boll Group. 

Texas: Bosque County. 

A big-boll cotton said to have been originated by a Mr. Cox, of China Springs, Tex. 
Not tested. 

Cox Royal-Arch Silk. 

Georgia Bulletin 20. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of 
Agriculture. 

Not nowgrow-u. 
Coxe Yello-w-Bloom. Peterkin Group. 

Georgia: Cobb County. 

North Carolina: Richmond and Scotland counties. 

South Carolina: Chesterfield, Marion, and Marlboro counties. 

A remarkable variety developed by E. A. Coxe, R. F. D. No. 2, Blenheim, S. C. 
Mr. Coxe states that about 1895 some Sea Island cotton was grown on his farm near a 
field of Texas Wood. The Sea Island cotton was not a success and was discarded, 
but the next year hybrid plants were found, and the seed from one which seemed 
promising was saved, and the Yellow-Bloom variety was developed from it. In 
growth it is similar to Texas Oak or Peterkin and is very uniform, except that plants 




Fig. 18.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Crossland cotton in cultivation, as 

reported in 1907. 

growing taller and more spreading are occasionally found which resemble first-genera- 
tion hybrids of Sea Island and Upland. Flowers without petal spots, clear lemon- 
yellow in color; bolls medium in size, 50 per cent 5-locked; lint of fair length, similar 
to Peterkin in quality, percentage high; seeds small, fuzzy, greenish or brownish 
gray, or a few nearly Bmooth. 

Bolls per pound, 75; seeds per pound, 4,950; average length of lint, 22.7 mm. (|| 
inch), varying from 20 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6gms.; per cent of lint" 
39.5. 

Crawford. 

(Also known as Crawford Peerless and Crawford Improved.) 

Alabama Bulletins 76, 140. Arkansas First and Second Annual Reports. Louis- 
iana Bulletins 21, 22, 26, 27, old series; 8, 16, 21, 29, new series. Mississippi Second 
Annual Report. South Carolina Bulletins 1, old series; 2, new series; First and Sec- 
ond Annual Reports. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agri- 
culture. 

Not now in cultivation. Originator unknown. 
Crawford Double-Boll. 

A local variety grown in Pierce County, Ga. Not tested. 
Crosby. 

A local variety reported only from Greenville County, S. C. Not tested. 
163 



48 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Cross. 

Reported only from Choctaw County, Okla. Not tested. 
Crossland. 

Dislrihution: See map, figure 18. 

Alabama Bulletins 40, 107, 130, 138, 140. Alabama (Tuskegee) Bulletin 7. Ala- 
bama (Wetumpka) First Annual Report. South Carolina Bulletins 1, old series; 2, 
120, new series; First and Second Annual Reports. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment 
Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Originator unknown. When tested by the Alabama station in 1892 it was a Peter- 
kin variety, yielding a good j)ercentage of lint. A poor strain of long-staple Upland 
cotton is also sold under this name. 

Cuban Silk. 

Reported oidy from Hall (vounty, Tex. Not tested. 

Culpepper. Big-Boll Group. 

(Also known as Culpepper Improved and Culpepper Improved Prolific.) 
Distribution: See map, figure 19. 




Fig. 19. — Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Culpepper cotton in cultivation, 

as reported in 1907. 

Alabama Bulletins 101, 107, 130, 138, 140. Alabama (Tuskegee) Bulletin 7. Geor- 
gia Bulletins 39, 43, 47, 52, 56, 59, 63, 66, 70, 75. Louisiana Bulletin 71. Mississippi 
Bulletin 98; Fifteenth Annual Report. North Carolina State Board of Agriculture 
Bulletin for September, 1906. South Carolina Bulletin 120. Congressional Cotton 
Seed Distribution Leaflets for 1902, 1904, and 1905. 

Developed by J.E.Culpepper, Luthersville, Ga., by mixing seed of Wyche and 
Dickson. These dissimilar varieties have blended by hybridization into a fairly 
uniform intermediate cotton, still showing, however, a few ])lants approaching the 
parents in character of growth. The cross was made about ISOO. 

Plants usually semicluster in habit of growth, with 1 to 3 long limbs and with fruit- 
ing branches shortly and irregularly jointed. Bolls large, rounded; lint of medium 
length, percentage good, seeds large, fuzzy, greenish or brownish gray in color. 

Like Cook's Improved, to which it is related through its parent Dickson, Culpepper 
is liable to injury from anthracnose or boll-rot. 

Bolls per pound, 50; seeds per pound, 3,380; average length of lint, 22.5 mm. (jf 
inch), varying from 21 to 24 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.7 gms.; per cent of lint, 
35.1. 

Cummings. Big-Boll Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 20. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. 

Developed by Bartow Cummings, Strand, Ala. Plants not uniform, open and long 
branched or a few semiclustered in habit of growth, bolls medium to large, lint of 
medium length, seeds large, fuzzy, gray or greenish gray in color. 
1G3 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



49 



Bolls per pound, 68; seeds per pound, 3,000; average length of lint, 1 inch; strength 
of single fibers, 6.1 gms.; per cent of lint, 31.6. 

Dalkeith, or Dalkeith Eureka. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Arkansas: Pulaski County. 

Alabama Bulletins 40, 52, 107. Louisiana Bulletins 29, 35. Texas Bulletins 34, 
40, 45, 50. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

See Keno. 
Daniel Big-BoU. 

A local variety reported from Early County, Ga. Not tested. 
Davis. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

Reported from Denton and Grayson counties, Tex. A large-boll variety with good 
stormproof qualities, very similar to Texas Stormproof. It was developed by W. A, 
Davis, of Bells, Tex. 

Plant large and vigorous, leaves large, fruiting branches fairly short jointed, droop- 
ing, bolls usually hanging downward, lint of good length, seeds large, fuzzy, grayish 
white. 

Bolls per pound, 54; seeds per pound, 3,200; average length of lint, 1 inch; strength 
of single fibers, 6.3 gms.; per cent of lint, 33. 



—-~J— 




\J 


^Z^—-^ 


~^ ^^——■"^ 


< 




• 2 — " 

• / 

♦ \ 


• • \* V 

• • •, • \». ^ 

• • ••T 
• • • *\ 


4 



Fig. 20. — Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Cummings cotton in cultivation, 

as reported in 1907. 

Davis Long- Staple. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Florida: Taylor County. 

Mississippi: Bolivar and Tallahatchie counties. 

Tennessee: Haywood and Shelby counties. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Mississippi Bulletins 79, 84; Fifteenth and Seventeenth 
Annual Reports. 

Developed by the Davis Brothers, Bailey, Shelby County, Tenn. Tested by the 
Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station, 1901, where it yielded 28.6 per cent of 
lint which was 1^ inches in length. 

Dean, or Deane. Peterkin Group. 

South Carolina Bulletin 2; First and Second Annual Reports. Bulletin 33, Office 
of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Report of the Patent Office for 
1853. 

An old variety not now in cultivation. 
Dearlng. Peterkin Group. 

(Also known as Dearing Small-Boll and Dearing Small-Seed.) 

Alabama: Marion County. 

Arkansas: LTnion County. 
11500— Bui. 163—10 4 



50 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Georgia: Morgan and Ni'wton couiitii's. 

Alabama Bulletins 76, 89, 101, 107, 140. Arkansa.s lUiUclin IS. Georgia Bulletins 
24, 27, 31. Louisiana Bulletins 26, 27, old series; 8, ()2, new series. Mississippi 
Bulletins 18, 62; Fourth, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Annual Reports. South Carolina 
Bulletins I, old series; 2, new series; First and Second Annual Reports, i'ulletin 
33, Ollice of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

An old variety, formerly more widely grown, developed about 1870 by J. J . Dearing, 
of Covington, Ga. When pure, this variety resembled Peterkin and yielded a high 
percentage of lint, but as now grown it is nondescript in character. 

Diamond. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. South Carolina Bulletin 2; Second Annual Report. Bul- 
letin 33, Ollice of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 
An old variety not now in cultivation. 

Dickson Improved. Cluster Group. 

(Also known as Dickson Cluster and Dixon.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 21. 

Alabama Bulletins 33, 40, 56, 76, 89, 107, 138, 140; Report for 1881-82. Alabama 
(Canebrake) Bulletin 22; Twelfth and Thirteenth Annual Reports: Georgia BuUe- 




FlG. 21.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Dickson Improved cotton in culti- 
vation, as reported in 1907. 

tins 11, 16, 20, 27, 31, 43. Louisiana Bulletins 21, 22, 26, 27, old series; 7, 8, 16, 17, 
21, 22, 28, 29, 47, new series; Third and Fourth Annual Reports. Mississippi Bul- 
letins 18, 23, 62; Third, Fourth, Sixth, Eighth, Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fifteenth 
Annual Reports. Oklahoma iiulletin 23. South Carolina Bulletin 1, old series; 
18, 42, 120, new series; First and Second Annual Reports. Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 
45, 50. Bulletin 33, Office of p]xpcriment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Developed about the year 1858 by David Dickson, of Oxford, Ga. It was formerly 
a very popular variety and is still grown in nearly all parts of the cotton belt, thougli 
less extensively every year, perhaps on account of its liability to injury from anthrac- 
nose and to the growing aversion to cluster cottons. 

Plants early maturing, of the strict cluster type, wdth 1 to 3 long limbs, the fruiting 
branches reduced to spurs by shortening of the internode, thus throwing the nodes or 
joints very close together, spurs 2 to 6 inches long, usually longer in the middle of the 
stalk than at the bottom or top, leaves very large, bolls clustered, small, rounded in 
shape, lint of medium length, seeds email, fuzzy, brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 105; seeds per pound, 5,670; average length of lint, 22 mm. (J 
inch); strength of single fibers, 5.1 gms.; per cent of lint, 29 to 32. 

Dillard. 

A local variety formerly grown quite extensively in Laurens County, Ga. Not 
tested . 



DESCRIPTIONS OF V.VKIETIES. 



51 



Dillon. Cluster Grout. 

Farmers' Bulletin 333, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

A wilt-resistant variety developed by careful breeding under the direction of 
W. A. Orton, of the Department of Agriculture, from selections from Jackson 
Limbless made in 1900 at Dillon, S. C. 

Like all cluster varieties, difficult to pick free from trash, but, owing to its resistance 
to wilt, its stormproof character, and its productiveness, it is becoming popular on 
wilt-infected soils in the coastal-plain belt from North Carolina to Alabama. 

Plant tall, ereOt, wilt resistant, often with one or two large ascending branches from 
the base, fruiting limbs reduced to short spurs crowding the short-stemmed bolls into 
clusters; seeds small, covered with close brownish green fuzz. 

BqUs per pound, 94; seeds per pound, 5,320; average length of lint, 22 mm. (J inch); 
per cent of lint, 37. 

Dixie. Peterkin Group. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Farmers' Bulletin 333. U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

A wilt-resistant variety developed from a selection made at Troy, Ala., in 1902, and 
bred by the progeny-row method under the direction of W. A. Orton, of the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture. The primary object in the development of this variety was to 
secure plants resistant to cotton wilt. The selection has been continued until a variety 
not only resistant to wilt but productive and of uniform type has been secured. 




Fig. 22.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Dongola, or Gondola, cotton in 

cultivation, as reported in 1907. 

Plant nearly of Peterkin type, ])yramidal, with large basal limbs and long, slender, 
fruitingi)ranches, leaves medium sized, bolls medium, seeds small, variable in color but 
typically covered with greenish brown fuzz. 

Bolls per pound, 73; seeds per pound, 4,100; average length of lint, 25 mm. (1 inch), 
varying from 20 to 27 mm.; per cent of lint, 36. 



Dixie Long-Staple. 

Arkansas: Hempstead County. 
Mississippi: Holmes County. 
North Carolina: Granville County. 
Introduced by Humphreys, Godwin & Co. 
tested . 

Dixon. 
See Dickson Improved. 



Dongola, or Gondola. 

Distribution: See map, figure 22. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletins 59, 66. 

163 



Upland Long-Staple Group. 

of Memphis, Tenn., in 1907. Not 
Cluster Group. 
Big-Boll Group. 



5'2 VAU1ET1E8 OF AMEIilC'AN UPLAND COTTUN. 

Said to huvc been oritiiiiaU'd by a Mr. Dongola, of Texas, but selected and developed 
by T5. F. Malabar, of \\'aynesboro, Ga. A ])opular variety in central Georiria, V)iit 
hardly known outside of the State. 

Plant of the bi^-boll type, stocky and viunrous in <,M-o\vth with a tendency toward 
the semicluster habit ; bolls lar<:;e, rounded, with a short point ; lint of pood lenp;th; seeds 
larjije, fuzzy, light brownish gray. 

The following ni(>asurements were obtained from a sain])le grown at the (ieorgia 
Experiment Station in 1!)()7. The percentage of lint is usually 2 ])er cent higher than 
shown in this test: 

IJolls ])er pound, 57; seeds per ])ound, 3,025; average length of lint, 25.3 mm. (1 inch), 
Aarying from 23 to 21) mm.; strength of single fibers, 6 gms.; ])er cent of lint, 30.2. 

Dooley's Improved. 

Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 50. 

Not now grown. 
Double-Header. Big-Boll Group. 

Georgia: Barlow, Clinch, Jasper, and Putnam counties. 

Oklahoma: Creek Nation. 

Missouri: Taney County. 

Texas : Erath and Jones counties . 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 75. 

Developed by R. H. Smith, R. F. D. No. 2, Monticello, Ga. Mr. Smith states that 
this cotton is the result t)f seven years' selection from a green and white seed cotton. It 
is probably a strain of Russell, but bears some resemblance to Mask's Green-Leaf. 

Plants rather tall and with a tendency toward the; semicluster habit of growth; limbs 
1 to 2, heavy ; branches somewhat semiclustered; leaves large, remaining green late in 
the season; bolls large with thick hulls, thus retaining the Paissell character of partial 
immunity to msect depredations; percentage of lint medium to low; seeds large, fuzzy, 
green or gray. 

Bolls per pound, 54; seeds per pound, 3,310; average length of lint, 23.7 mm. (}| 
inch), varying from 21 to 27 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.2 gms.; ])er cent of lint, 
33.3. 

Doughty. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

(Also known as Doughty's Improved, Doughty's Extra-Long-Staple.) 

Georgia: Jefferson County. 

Louisiana: Concordia Parish. 

Mississippi: Hinds County. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 130, 140. Alabama (Canebrake) Twelfth and Thirteenth 
Annual Reports. Georgia Bulletin 35. Louisiana Bulletins 62, 71. Mississippi Bul- 
letin 79; Twelfth Annual Report. South Carolina Bulletin 120. Texas Bulletin 50. 

Originator unknown. Doughty was formerly grown quite extensively but has be- 
come so badly mixed with short-staple cotton that it can barely be classed as a"quar- 
ter" cotton. Itwas tested in 1901 by the Mississippi experiment station, when the lint 
measured 1 i inches, the percentage, however, being very low. 

Plants of medium height, rather slender and somewhat semiclustered in habit of 
growth, leaves of medium size, bolls rather small, pointed, lint quite soft and silky, 
percentage low, seeds fuzzy, gray or greenish gray. 

The following measurements were obtained from a fairly pure sample grown at the 
Louisiana (Baton Rouge) Experiment Station in 1907: 

Bolls per pound, 79; seeds per pound, 4,100; average length of lint, 30.9 mm.(l5^j 
inches), varying from 27 to 35 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5 gms.; per cent of lint, 
28.9. 

Dozier Improved. Early Group. 

Alabama lUiiictin 140. North Carolina State Hoard of Agriculture Bulletin for 
September, 1906. 

Developed by M. D. Dozier, Camden, N. ('., who states that it is an early, short- 
jointed cotton. Plant similar to King, or Sugar-Loaf. 

Bolls per pound, 73; seeds per pound, 4,175; average length of lint, 23.2 mm.(|? 
inch), varying from 21 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.7 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 33.1. 
1G3 



DESCRIPTIONS OP VARIETIES. 



53 



Drake. Semiclustkr Group. 

(Also knowai as Drake's Cluster.) 

Distribution; See map, figure 23. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 130, 140. Louisiana Bulletins 21, 22, 28, 29. Mississippi 
Bulletins 18, 23, C2, 79; Third, Fourth, Sixth, Eighth, and Fifteenth Annual Reports. 
Oklahoma Bulletin 23. South Carolina Bulletins 18, 42, 120. Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 
45, 50. Bulletin S:\, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

A strictly eenrichister, early variety originated by R. W. Drake, Laneville, Ala., 
and like many in this group liable to injury from anthracnose. 

Plant pyramidal in shape, with one or more limbs, bearing rather short fruiting 
branches with short and irregular joints, leaves medium in size, bolls medium to large, 
seeds rather small, fuzzy. 

Bolls per pound, 81; seeds per pound, 4,490; average length of lint, 22.9 mm. (f| 
inch), varying from 20 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6 gms. ; per cent of lint, 30.9. 




Fig. 23.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Drake cotton in cultivation, as 

reported in 1907. 

Drake's Defiance. Semicluster Group. 

(Also known as World's Wonder.) 

Georgia: Fayette and Meriwether counties. 

North Carolina: Scotland County. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 75. 

A highly advertised variety recently introduced by Drake Brothers, Philomath, Ga., 
and by Humphreys, Godwin & Co., Memphis, Tenn., the latter firm selling the seed 
under the trade name of "World's Wonder" and claiming it to be a new species, etc. 
It resembles other medium-boll, semicluster varieties and, like them, is prolific when 
grown on rich, well-cultivated soils, showing little or no tendency to become "weedy " 
ingrowth. The size of bolls in 1907 ranged from 66 per pound at Baton Rouge, La., 
to 84 at College Station, Tex.; the per cent of lint, from 29.4 at College Station, 
Tex., to 34.3 at Auburn, Ala. 

The following measurements were obtained from a sample picked on Mr. Drake's 
farm, in Philomath, Ga. 

Bolls per pound, 63; seeds per pound, 4,100; average length of lint, 23.6 mm. ({| 
inch), varying from 22 to 27 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.6 gms.; per cent of lint, 
34.7. 

Duncan. Big-Boll Group. 

(Also known as Duncan's Mammoth and Duncan's Mammoth Big-Boll Prolific.) 
Alabama; Cleburne, Marshall, Perry, and Talladega counties. 
Arkansas: Independence, Phillips, and Saline counties. 
Georgia: Carroll, Paulding, and Webster counties. 

Mississippi: Carroll, De Soto, Itawamba, Simpson, and Yalobusha counties. 
16.'? 



54 VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

North Carolina: Mecklenburg and Rutherford counties. 

South Carolina: Aiken, Anderson, P'lorence, Laurens, Marlboro,' Oconee, and 
Orangeburg counties. 

Tennessee: Shelby County. 

Texas: Baylor and Howard counties. 

Alabama Bulletins 7G, 89, 107, 140. Arkansas Third Annual Report. Georgia 
liulletins 20, 24, 27, 31, 35. Mississippi Hulletins (i2, s;5; Third, Twelfth, and Thir- 
teenth Annual Reports. South Carolina Bulletin 1, old series; First and Second An- 
nual Reports. Texas Bulletin 50. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. 
Dept. of Agriculture. 

This was quite a popular variety about fifteen years ago and is still grown to some 
extent, but the seed has become badly mixed and the bolls are almost too small to be 
included in the big-boll group. 

Bolls per pound, (iS; seeds per pound, 3,050; average length of lint, 2() mm. (l.jV 
inches); strength of single hbers, 5 gms.; per cent of lint, 30. 

Dunlap's Stormproof. Big-Boll Stokmphook (Jroup. 

Arkansas: Drew County. 

Georgia Bulletin 79. 

A selection from Banny Brown made by B. Z. Dunlap, Wilmar, Ark. Plant large 
and vigorous, limbs I to 3, heavy; fruiting branches long jointed; leaves large and dark 
green; bolls large, ()5 per cent 5-locked; seeds large, fuzzy, gray or greenish gray. 

The following measurements were made from a sample grown at the Georgia station 
in 1907: 

Bolls per pound, 66; seeds per pound, 3,950; average length of lint, 24 mm. (|;^ inch), 
varying from 21 to 27 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.2 gms.; per cent of lint, 35.5. 

Dunn's Pet. 

A local variety from Dallas County, Ark. Not tested. 
Durham [R. L.]. Big-Boll Group. 

(jcorgia: Oconee County. 

A strain of Truitt selected for larger bolls and stormproof characters by R. L. Dur- 
ham, Farmington, Ga. 

Plant open or somewhat semiclustered in habit of growth, with 1 to 3 heavy, strong 
limbs and fruiting branches fairly short jointed; bolls large to very large; seeds large, 
fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls per pound, 48; seeds per pound, 3,125; average length of lint, 23.7 mm. (}| 
inch), varying from 21 to 25 mm. ; strength of single fibers, 6 gms. ; per cent of lint, 33.3. 

Durham [S. L.]. Big-Boll Group. 

Georgia: Harris County. 

Georgia Bulletin 79. 

Devtdoped about 1902 by S. L. Durham, of Chipley, Ga., from a mixture of Russell 
and Christopher. 

Plants large and vigorous with a tendency toward the semicluster habit, limbs 
strong, fruiting branches rather short and irregularly jointed, leaves large and dark 
green; bolls large, 30 per cent 5-locked; seeds large, fuzzy, grayish brown. 

The following measurements were obtained from a sample grown at the Georgia 
station in 1907: 

Bolls per pound, 62; seeds per pound, 3,360; average length of lint, 22.9 mm. (ff 
inch), varying from 21 to 25 mm.; strength of single libers, 5.8 gms.; per cent of lint, 
33.7. 
Early Carolina. Early Group. 

(Also known as Extra-l^arly Carolina and Carolina Pride.) 

Alabama Bulletin 1 tO. Louisiana Bulletins 22, 27, old series; 8, 16, 28, new series. 
Mississippi Bulletins 18, 62; Third, Fourth, and Eighth Annual Reports. Bulletin 
33, Office of Experiment Stations, IJ. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Not now grown . 
Early Gayosa. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. 

A synonym of Gayosa Prolific. 
163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 55 

Early Green. 

A local variety reported from Tyrrell County, N. C. Not tested. 
Early Mammoth. 

Reported only from Dekalb County, Ala. Not tested. 
Early May. 

Reported only from Cleveland (bounty, Ark. Not teste<l. 
Early Sugar-Loaf. Early Group. 

See Sugar-Loaf. 

Eason Beauty. Upi^nd Long-Staplr Group. 

Alabama: Marion County. 

Texas: Hardin County. 

A long-staple cotton said to have been originated in Cobb County, Ga. 

Plant tall and slender; limbs 1 to 3; fruiting branches slender, of medium length, 
with little or no tendency toward the semicluster habit; leaves medium in size; bolls 
small; lint fine and silky, of good length; seeds fuzzy, brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 85; seeds per pound, 4,075; average length of lint, 35 mm. (If 
inches); strength of single fibers, 3.7 gms. ; per cent of lint, 29. 

East. 

Louisiana Bulletins 26, old series; 8, 16, new series. Bulletin 33, Office of Experi- 
ment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

An old variety tested by the Louisiana station in 1889 and said to have been orig- 
inated by a Mr. East, of Slaughter, La. Not now grown. 

Easterling. 

A local variety formerly grown to some extent in Nevada County, Ark. Not tested. 
EcUpse. 

Alabama: Logan and Marion counties. 

Arkansas: Sharp County. 

Florida: Madison County. 

Georgia: Banks, Bryan, and Butler counties. 

Louisiana: Ouachita Parish. 

Mississippi: Amite County. 

North Carolina: Anson, Harnett, Moore, and Stanley counties. 

South Carolina: Florence and Lexington counties. 

Tennessee: Chester county. 

Texas: Jack County. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. 

Tested by the Alabama station in 1902 and stated to have all the characteristics of a 
long-staple cotton except length of lint. As grown at the Louisiana station (Baton 
Rouge) in 1907, Eclipse was a very uniform, early-maturing, and prolific variety 
yielding short lint. The measurements of this cotton are as follows: 

Bolls per pound, 90; seeds per pound, 4,530; average length of lint, 22.6 mm. (ff 
inch), varying from 20 to 25 mm.; per cent of lint, 33.5. 

Edgewood. 

North Carolina State Board of Agriculture Bulletin for September, 1906. 

Tested by the North Carolina State Board of Agriculture in 1905. Perhaps a mis- 
print for Edgeworth. 

Edgeworth. 

North Carolina: Gaston County. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 140. Georgia Bulletin 52. Mississippi Bulletins 84, 88, 98; 
Seventeenth Annual Report. 

Developed by J. C. Little, of Louisville, Ga. A variety related to the Peterkin 
group but lacking in uniformity. Plants both open and semicluster in habit of 
growth; seeds fuzzy, gray or brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 71; seeds per pound, 3,660; average length of lint, 23.2 mm. (|| 
inch), varying from 22 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.2 gms.; per cent of lint" 
36.3. 

163 



56 VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

Edson. HKi-BoLL OJroup. 

A strain of Eudaly, selected for earliness by A. \V. Edson, formerly of the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, but unfortunately not perfected at the time of his death. It 
has recently been introduccnl into the weevil regions of Texas and is early in season, 
being but a few days later than King, but is not as perfectly stormproof as Rowden. 

Plants large-growing and vigorous, fruiting branches fairly short jointed; leaves 
medium to large in size; bolls medium to large, lint of fair length; seeds large, fuzzy, 
gray in color. 

Bolls per pound, 65; seeds per pound, 3,540; average length of lint, 22.9 mm. (f| 
inch), varying from 22 to 25 mm.; per cent of lint, 33.3. 

Edwards. Bkj-Boll Group. 

Texas: Delta and Lamar counties. 

Originator not known. A large-boll cotton said to be some ten days later than 
Rowden and to yield 33^ per cent of strong lint about 1 inch in length. It was taken 
to Texas from North Carolina. 

Edwards. Early Group. 

A short-staple cotton formerly grown in Holmes County, Miss. It is said to have 
been very early in maturity, yielding 33.3 per cent of lint. The seeds were small 
and nearly naked . Not now grown. 

Edward's Improved. 

Georgia Bulletin 43. 

Not now grown. It was developed by T. J. Edwards, Hampton, Ga. 
Eldorado. Upland liONo-SrAPLE Group. 

Arkansas Bulletin 58. 

A variety distributed by the Department of Agriculture in 1900. It was tested by 
the Arkansas station, at Newport, Ark., in 1898, and promised well l)ut did not be- 
come popular and soon disappeared from cultivation. 

Ellerbe. 

(Also known as EUerbe's Choice, EUerbe's Big-Stalk, and Ellerbe's Prolific.) 

Georgia Bulletins 24, 27, 31. 

Not now grown. C. A. Ellerbe, Hagood, R. C, was the originator. This cotton, 
under the above names, was tested by the Georgia station in 1893-94, and the follow- 
ing measurements given: 

Ellerbe's Big-Stalk: Bolls per pound, 75 to 80; per cent of lint, 33.9. Ellerbe's 
Choice: Bolls per pound, 73 to 77; per cent of lint, 32.2. Ellerbe's Prolific: Bolls 
per pound, 74 to 80; per cent of lint, 32.6. 

Ellis. Bi(i-BoLL Group. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. (ieorgia Bulletins 43, 47. 

A large-boll cotton formerly grown in Georgia and said to be identical with Cul- 
pepper. Originated by J. B. Ellis, Palalto, Ga. 

Ellison's Select. 

South Carolina Bulletin 120. 

Tested by the South Carolina station in 1905. Not reported in 1907. 
EUsworth. 

Alabama Bulletins 13, 16, 107. Louisiana Bulletins 27, old series; 7, 8, 16, 17, 22, 
new series. Mississippi Bulletin 18; Second and Fourth Annual Reports. Bulletin 
33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

An old variety, not now grown, tested by several experiment stations about eighteen 
years ago. The originator was W. N. Ellsworth, Wallace, N. C. 

Ethridge Small-Seed. 

Louisiana Bulletins 8, 16, 21, 29. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. 

Dept. of Agiiculture. 
Not now grown. It was originated by W. B. Ethridge, of Dounsville, La. 
Eudaly. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

Texas: Hamilton County. 

A strain of Myers (le\-eloped by selection by G. W. Eudaly, Olin, Tex. Not tested. 
163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



57 



Eureka. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Arkansas: Ashley County. 

Mississippi: Yazoo County. 

Tennessee: Dyer County. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Louisiana Bulletins 16, 21, 29. Mississippi Bulletins 18, 
23, 62; Foiu-th, Sixth, and Eighth Annual Reports. South Carolina Bulletins 1, 
old series; 2, 18, new series; First and Second Annual Reports. Bulletin 33, 
Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

See Keno. 
Excelsior. Peterkin Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 24. 

Alabama Bulletins 76, 107, 140. Alabama (Tuskegee) Bulletin 7. Georgia Bulle- 
tins 43, 56, 59. Louisiana Bulletins 21, 22, 28, 29, 62, 71. Mississippi Bulletins 
18, 62, 84, 87, 98; Second, Third, Fourth, Thirteenth, and Seventeenth Annual 
Reports. North Carolina State Board of Agriculture Bulletin for September, 1906. 
South Carolina Bulletins 1, old series; 2, 42, 120, new series; First and Second 
Annual Reports. Congressional Cotton Seed Distribution Leaflet for 1903. Bul- 
letin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 




Fig. 24.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Excelsior cotton in cultivation, as 

reported in 1907. 

A strain of Peterkin, sold by C. F. Moore, Excelsior Seed Farm, Bennettsville, S. C. 
The variety seems to be distinct from Peterkin only in its low percentage of lint. 

A sample grown at the Louisiana Experiment Station in 1907 and tested by the 
Department of Agriculture yielded 31.8 per cent of lint. A sample grown at the 
Texas station the same season yielded 33 per cent. 

Excelsior [Ezell]. 

Mississippi Bulletin 18. 

Originated by C. R. Ezell, at Eatonton, Ga. Not now grown. 
Ezelle's Surprise. Big-Boll Group. 

Developed by C. R. Ezelle, Willard, Ga. A sample obtained from the originator 
tested as follows: 

Bolls per pound, 50^; seeds per pound, 3,175; average length of lint, 23.6 mm. 
(^1 inch), varying from 21 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.4 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 34.3. 
Farm View Green-Seed. Big-Boll Group. 

A strain of Russell developed by W. D. Osbom, Goldville, Ala. Percentage of lint 
somewhat higher than Russell, seeds large, fuzzy, green. 

Bolls per pound, 52; seeds per pound, 3,450; average length of lint, 23.4 mm. 
(fl inch), varying from 20 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.9 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 35.4. 
163 



58 VA1UET1K1-; OF AMERICAN TTPLAND COTTON. 

Farmer's Relief. 

A local variety icportcd only from Greene County, Ark. Not tested. 
Farrar Forked-Leaf. 

Bulletin 'A^. Oflice of Exi)erinieiit. Stations, U. S. Dept. of AuMJculture. 

Sec (^kra. 
Featherstone. liic-Iioi.i, (luoi p. 

Georgia: Monroe County. 

North Carolina: Cleveland and Lincoln eounties. 

Alabama Bulletin 1-10. Georgia Bulletin 70. 

An old variet y. In North Carolina it is said to be a big-boll, white-seed variety with 
long branches. It was very ])opular until Russell and Truitt were introduced but has 
given place to these varieties. It is stated tliat in Monroe County, (!a., it is similar 
to Dick.son Cluster. As testeil by the Alabama station it was a large-boll cotttm. 

Felder Ldttle-Seed. Petehkin Group. 

Reported only from T/'e County, Ga. 
Ferguson, or Furguson. 

Mississippi: Claiborne and Warren counties. 

Alabama Bulletin 110. 

Developed by James P\;rguson, formerly of Warren County, Miss. Not tested. 

Ferr ell's Prolific. 

Mississippi Bulletin (52; Second, Eighth, and Fourteenth Annual Reports. Bulle- 
tin 33, Ofiice of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dejil. of Agriculture. 

Not now grown. 
Fields. 

Rejjorted only from Cooke County, Tex. Not tested. 

Finch's Improved. 

A local variety grown in Nash County, N. C. Not tested. 
Five-In-Hand. Bk:-Boll Group. 

Reported only from (ionzales County, Tex. Not tested. 
Flemming. Uplanh Lonc-Staple Group. 

Alabama: Dallas County. 

Arkansas: Lafayette. County. 

North Carolina: Anson and Granvilh^ counties. 

Texas: Hill and Red River counties. 

Developed by Mordecai Flemming, Clarksville, Red River County, Tex. A long- 
staple cotton resembling Boozer but with larger bolls. 

Bolls per pound, (ii>; seeds per pound, 3,200; average length of lint, 28 mm. (1^^^ 
inches), varving from 22 to 32 mm.; strength of single fibers, (I gms. ; per cent of lint, 
29. 

Floradora. Upland Lonc-Staple Gkoip. 

Distribution: Sec map, figiu'e 25. 

Alabama Bullethis 130, 13S, 140. Georgia Bulletins 24, (id, 79. North Carolina 
Stat(i Board of Agriculture Bulletin for September, 190(i. 

This variety, which was probably Allen Long-Staple to begin with, was taken from 
the Mississippi Delta region to Barnwell, S. C., by a cotton buyer named Coffin. It 
was giown by Mrs. W. (iilmore Simms, of Barnwell, and has been sold for several years 
as Simms Long-Staple. L. A. Stoney, of Allendale, Barnwell County, recognized the 
value of Simnis cotton, and und(>r the new name, Floradora, he has succ(>ssf ully intro- 
duced it into cultivation throughout the cotton belt. In order to increase the size of 
boll and length of staple Mr. Stoney has mixed big-boll and Allen Long-Staple seed 
with the Simms or Floradora seed and it has to some extent lost its identity. At 
Baton Rouge, in 1907, the bolls were large, (10 ])er pound, but the lint was less than an 
inch in length. At the Georgia station, on the otlx'r hand, the bolls were small, 91 
per pound, and th(! lint measured IJi inches and was fine and silky. 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



59 



A sample obtained at the Alabama station was intermediate and the measurements 
were as follows: 

Bolls jxT pound, 80; seeds per pound, 3,900; average length of lint, 27.7 mm. (I/2 
inches), varying from 25 to 30 mm.; strength of single fibers, 4.5 gms. ; per cent of 
lint, 30.5 

Forty-Boll. 

A local variety grown in Calawba i'ounly. N. ('. 
Foster. " ITpland Lonc-Staple Group. 

Louisiana Bidletin 28. 

Tested by the Louisiana Experiment Station in 18i)3. A poor yield was reported. 
Not now growji . 

Franklin. Big-Boll Group. 

A late, long-jointed cotton formerly grown extensively in Chilton County, Ala., but 
now replaced by Russell. 

Fuller's Improved. Bio-Boll Group. 

Georgia: .Tack.son and Walton counties. 
A local variety developed by G. W. Fuller, of Winder, Ga. Not tested. 




Fig. 25.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Floradora cotton in cultivation, as 

reported in 1907. 

Gardner. Big-Boll Group. 

Reported only from St. Clair Coimty, Ala. Not tested. 

Garrard. Early Group. 

(Also known as Garrard's Improved Prolific.) 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 140. Georgia Bulletin 63. Mississippi Bulletin 84; Sev- 
enteenth Annual Report. 

Developed from the Dickson and New Era cottons by P. R. and W. T. Garrard, 
Nona, Ga. 

Plants of medium height, limbs usually 2 in number, light; branches slender, short 
jointed, with little or no tendency to semicluster; leaves medium to small; bolls small; 
lint rather short; seeds small, covered with a short, brownish gray fuzz. The following 
measurements were obtained trom samples grown in Waco, Tex., and Timmonsville, 
S. C. 

Bolls per pound, 89; seeds per pound, 4,300; average length of lint, 22 mm. (| inch); 
strength of single fibers, 7.1 gms. ; per cent of lint, Texas 37, South Carolina 34. 

Gatlin, or Gatlin's Improved. 

A local variety grown in Jasper and Wayne counties. Miss. Not tested. 
1 6:; 



60 



VAKII-yriES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON, 



Gayoso Prolific. Early Groit. 

(Also known as Early Gayoso and Green's Gayoso.) 

Alaliaina Bulletin 140. Mississippi Bulletins 88, 84, 88; Fifteenth and Seventeenth 
Annual Reports. 

Reported only from Jefferson County, Miss. A local variety developed by James P. 
and R. A. Green, Gayoso Plantation, Church Hill, Miss. It i,. claimed by the origi- 
nators that this cotton is very prolific, the lint of superior lenjifth and stren}i;th, and the 
seeds smaller than (hose of any other variety on the market. A sample sent by the 
orifjinators measured as follows: 

I3olls per pound, H2h; seeds per pound, 4,750; average length of luit, 24.4 mm. (\^ 
inch), varying from 21 1o 28 mm.; strength of single fibers, .5.2 gms.; j)er cent of lint, 
33.9. 



ITPLAND LoN(i-STAPLE GrOUP. 

It is said to have been brought from Mississippi 



Geohagan. 

Reported from ( 'atahoula Parish , La . 
by a Mr. Geohagan. 

Georgia Big-Boll. 

Reported from Comal, Tex. Not tested. 

Georgia Breakdown. 

Louisiana: East Feliciana Parish. 

Originator unknown. It is said to have been introduced into Louisiana about 
eighteen years ago from Dekalb County, Ga. It was at that time a strain of Peterkin 
cotton, but has become mixed with long-staple varieties and now does not belong to 
any particular group. 

Plants slender in growth, with 1 to 3 light limbs and long, slender fruiting branches. 
The fruiting branches often fork at about half their length, one fork becoming a sterile 
limb, the other remaining a fruiting branch; leaves rather small; bolls small and 
numerous, the majority 4-locked; lint of medium length; seeds covered with a sparse, 
short fuzz, grayish brown. 

Bolls per pound, 87; seeds per pound, 5,040; average length of lint, 28 mm. {1^\ 
inches); strength of single fibers, 7.2 gms.; per cent of lint, 32. 

Georgia King. 
Reported from Crockett and Dyer counties, Tenn. Not tested. 

Georgia Long-Lint. 

Rei)orted from Bradley, Tenn. Not tested. 

Georgia Prolific. 

Arkansas Thu'd Annual Report. Mississippi Second and Third Annual Reports. 
South Carolina Second Annual Report. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, 
U. S. Dej)t. of Agriculture. 

Reported from Bibb County, Ga., Saline County, Ark., and Williamson County, 
Tex. Not tested. 

Georgia Standard. 
Georgia Builetm 35. 
Not now grown. Tested a number of years ago by the Georgia station. 

Georgia's Best. Big-Boll Group. 

Georgia Bulletin 79. 

A variety tested by the Georgia Experiment Station in 1907. Closely related to 
Cook's Improved. Plants semicluster in habit; bolls medium to large, 57 per cent 
5-locked; lint short, percentage high; seeds medium in size, fuzzy, brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 67^, seeds per pound, 4,280, average length of lint, 20.7 mm. 
{\l inch), varying from 17 to 23 mm.; strength of single fibers, (i.fi gms., per cent ot 
lint, 39.7. 



Gholson. 
Alabama Bulletin 140. 
See Golson. 
1G3 



Uplanu Lono-Staple Group. 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VAKIETIES. 61 

Gibson. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

Texas: Denton, Henderson, Kaufman, Rockwell, and Van Zandt counties. 

A strain of stormproof cotton, very similar to Rowden, developed at Stone Point, 
Tex., by B. F. Gibson, now of Diincan, Okla. 

Gilbert Lamb's-Wool. 

Georgia Bulletin 35. Texas Bulletin 50. 

Originated by J. M. Gilbert, Washington, Ga. Not now grown. 
GUcrease. Big-Boll Group. 

Rejwrted from Lauderdale County, Miss. Not tested. 
Globe. 

Formerly grown in Carroll County, Ga. Not now in cultivation. 
Gold-Band. 

A local variety grown in Edgefield County, S. C. Not tested. 
Gold-Dust. Early Group. 

Alabama Bulletins 33, 34, 40, 56, 107, 140. Louisiana Bulletin 62. South Carolina 
Bulletin 18; Second Annual Report. Texas Bulletin 40. Bulletin 33, Office of 
Experiment Stations, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

See Tennessee Green-Seed. 
Gold-Leaf. Big-Boll Group. 

A local variety grown in Oglethorpe County, Ga., introduced more than twenty 
years ago and now badly mixed with other varieties. The leaves turn a golden green 
late in the season; plant large, branches medium to long jointed; bolls large, about 
40 to the pound; per cent of lint, about 33. 

Gold-Standard. Peterkin Group. 

Texas: Comanche, Erath, and Hood counties. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 140. Georgia Bulletin 79. 

A strain of Texas Wood or Peterkin developed by C. F. Moore, Excelsior Seed Farm, 
Bennettsville, S. C. Plants similar to Peterkin, except that there is a small proportion 
of semiclustered plants; bolls small, 48 per cent 5-locked; lint of medium length; seeds 
small, mostly fuzzy, brown or yellowish brown, some entirely smooth and black. 

The following measurements were taken from a sample grown at the Georgia Experi- 
ment Station in 1907: 

Bolls per pound, 92; seeds per pound, 5,380, average length of lint, 22.3 mm. (| inch), 
varying from 20 to 24 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.8 gms.; per cent of lint, 39.6. 

Golden Prolific. Peterkin Group. 

Reported only from Dallas County, Ark. The percentage of lint is stated to be 36, 
the bolls small, cotton hard to pick, but a drought-resistant variety. Not tested. 

Golson. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Arkansas: Phillips County. 

Georgia: Oglethorpe County. 

South Carolina: Clarendon County. 

Texas: Fayette and Harrison counties. 

Alabama Bulletin 140 (as Gholson). Georgia Bulletin 59. 

A strain of Allen Long-Staple developed by L. K. Golson, Fort Deposit, Ala. 
Plants tall and slender, with a much less semicluster habit of growth than Allen, 
otherwise very similar to it. Bolls small; lint very fine and silky and strong for a 
long-staple cotton; percentage rather low; seeds medium in size, fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls per pound, 99; seeds per pound, 3,980; average length of lint, 34 mm. {1\\ 
inches), varying from 32 to 36 mm.-, strength of single fibers, 5 gms. ; per cent of lint, 
27.1. 

Gondola. 

See Dongola. 
Goose-Egg. Big-Boll (inoup 

Reported from Etowah and Madison counties, Ala. Not tested. 
163 



(52 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Graves. 

lloporti^d iVoiii LoiKikc, Ark., Franklin, La., and Hinds, Miss. j\'ol tested. 

Grayson. Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. Louisiana Bulletins 27, old .series; 8, Ki, new series. 
Not now grown. Originated by W. B. Grayson, of Grayson, Ala. 

Green-Seed. 

See Tennessee Green-S«>e(l. 
Greer's Early. IOakly Guoup. 

(Also known as Greer's Improved, Greer's King, and (Jrier.) 

Alabama: Calhoun County. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 140. Georgia Bulletins 59, 63, 66, 70. 

A strain of King selected for earliness by L. F. Greer, of Choccolocco, Ala. Plant 
similar to King. Bolls small to medium in size, 3 to 5 locked; seeds small, covered 
with short fuzz, brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 73J; seeds per pound, 4,160; average length of lint, 24.2 mm. 
(I5 inch), varying from 21 to 26 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.5 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 35.3. 




Fig. 26.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Griffin cotton in cultivation, as 

reported in 1907. 

Gregg's Improved. Peterkin (iR(jup. 

South Carolina: Florence County. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. 

Developed by selection from Gold-Standard by 8. A. Gregg, Florence, S. C. Bolls 
medium in size, percentage of lint usually good. 

Bolls per pound, 72, seeds per pound, 3,400; average length of lint, 24.2 mm. 
(|g inch), varying from 22 to 25 mm.; strength of single libers, 5.3 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 32 to 38. 
GriflSn. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

(Also known as Griffin Improved and Griffin Drought- Proof.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 26. 

Alabama Bulletins 89, 101, 107, 140. Georgia Bulletins 35, 52. Louisiana Bulletins 
13, 21, 26, old series; 71 new series. Mississipi)i Bulletins 79, 83, 87, 88, 98. South 
Carolina Bulletin 1, old series; First and Second Annual reports. Texas Bulletin 50. 
Congressional Cotton Seed Distribution Leaflet for 1903. Bulletin 33, Office of 
Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

A large-boll cotton originated by John Grilfin at Refuge Plantation, near Green- 
ville, Miss. The work of selection was begun in 1867 and was kei)t up until Mr. 
Griffin's death. His son, M. L. Griffin, of Greenville, Miss., has continued to improve 
the variety. Plant large and vigorous, with 1 to 3 limbs and medium-jointed fruiting 

1G3 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 63 

branches, bolls large, lint long and silky bul often weak, seeds of medium size, fuzzy, 
gray. 

Bolls per pound, 62; seeds per pound, 4,000; average length of lint, 35. (j mm. 
(If inches), varying from 33 to 38 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5 gms.; ])er cent 
of lint, 29.7. 

Grubbs Cluster. Semiclustek (iroup. 

Texas: Marion County. 

Originator unknown. A variety bearing bolls of medium size, rounded in shape; 
per cent of lint about 36. 

Gunn. Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. Louisiana Bulletins 22, 28. Mississippi Bulletin 18; 
Fourth Annual Report. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. 
of Agriculture. 

Originated by C. L. Gunn, Temple, Miss. Not now grown. 

Gypsy. Peterkin Group. 

Georgia; Jenkins County. 

A local strain of Peterkin which is said to yield nearly 40 per cent of lint. Orig- 
inator unknown. 

Hackberry. Early Group. 

Texas: Lynn County. 

A local variety, probably a strain of Sugar-Loaf, or King. Not tested. 
Hagaman. 

Alabama: Bullock, Calhoun, Dallas, Sumter, and Wilcox counties. 

Arkansas: Miller County. 

Georgia: Houston and Spalding counties. 

Louisiana: Acadia, Avoyelles, East Feliciana, Iberville, Livingston, Pointe 
Coupee, St. Helena, West Baton Rouge, and W'est Feliciana parishes. 

Mississippi: Amite, Pearl River, Pike, and Wilkinson counties. 

South Carolina. Edgefield County. 

Tennessee: Giles and Hardeman counties. 

Texas: Austin, Lipscomb, Karnes, Mason, and Medina counties. 

Alabama Bulletins 138, 140. Louisiana Bulletins 7, 17, 22, 28, 62, 71 . Congressional 
Cotton Seed Distribution Leaflets for 1905 and 1906. 

Originated by Maj. F. V. D. Hagaman, Jackson, West Feliciana Parish, La., about 
1877. Hagaman does not belong to any particular group, the lint being a little too 
short to be classed as a long-staple cotton. 

Plant tall and pyramidal in shape, with 1 to 3 limbs and quite long, slender fruiting 
branches; joints of medium length, many plants having a tendency to put out small, 
sterile limbs alongside the fruiting branches, making the plant very leafy; leaves 
medium in size; bolls small, lint of good quality and length ; seeds small, nearly smooth 
or sparsely fuzzy, with a tuft of brownish gray fuzz at one end. 

Bolls per poimd, 97; seeds per pound, 5,650; average length of lint, 27 una. (Ij'j 
inches); strength of single libers, 5.4 gms.; per cent of lint, 33.3. 

Hale. 

A local variety grown in Lee County, Arkansas. Not tested. 

Hall. Peterkin Group. 

(Also known as Peek cotton.) 

A local variety quite popular in parts of Macon and Schley counties, Ga. It is 
a strain of Peterkin obtained by J. E. Hall, of Macon County, from the Atlanta Exposi- 
tion, in 1881, and was introduced by Mr. Hall and a neighbor, John L. Peek, also of 
Macon County. 

HaU. 

Texas: Fannin and Hunt counties. 

A strain of Texas cotton developed near Honey Grove, Tex., by D. T. Hall, now of 
Gadsonia, Tex. 

163 



64 VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

Haralson. Big-Boll Group. 

Alalnuna: liullock County. 

Geor<i;ia: Banks County. 

Louisiana: West Feliciana Parish. 

North Carolina: Johnston County. 

Oklahoma: Ro^er Mills County. 

Texas: Johnson County. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 52. 

Developed l)y IL C. Haralson, Social Circle, Ga. A large-boll cotton, (juite similar 
to Dongola and probably derived from it. About 75 per cent of the plants are serai- 
duster in habit, the remainder long branched. Plants of the former type are rather 
dwarf and stocky in growth, with 1 to 3 stout limbs or often ncme, their place being 
taken by fruiting branches; joints medium in length; leaves large; bolls large, percent- 
age of lint good; seeds large, fuzzy, light brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 5H; seeds per pound, 3.100; average length of lint, 23mm. (|| 
inch), varying from 22 to 25 mm. ; strength of single (ibers, 5.() gms. ; per cent of lint, 35. 

Hard-Shell. Peterkin Group. 

A cotton formerly grown in Henry County, Ala., and said to have been very 
resistant to blight and drought. It was taken to Alabama from one of the Eastern 
States by a Baptist minister before the war. Hard-Shell is the parent of Wood's 
Improved. 

Hardin. Semicluster Group. 

(Also known as Hardin's Prolific.) 

Alabama: Lee, Marion, and Morgan counties. 

Arkansas: Lafayette County. 

Georgia: Baldwin, Bullock, Calhoun, Douglas, Emanuel, Jefferson, Lincoln, Marion, 
Newton, Pike, Putnam, Taliaferro, and Wilkes counties. 

Louisiana: Concordia Parish. 

South Carolina: Anderson, Colleton, Kershaw, Richland, and Saluda counties. 

Tennessee: Henry County. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 79. 

Developed by B. B. Hardin, Washington, W^ilkes County, Ga. This variety has 
been the subject of extravagant claims as to prolificacy, though the claims are to some 
extent true when the cotton is grown on very rich soil, the semicluster habit prevent- 
ing the plants from becoming too "weedy." On poor or moderately good soil Hardin 
yields only an average crop. 

Plant medium in size, limbs 1 to 4, fruiting branches short, joints short and irregular; 
bolls often clustered to some extent, bolls medium to small, 33 per cent 5-locked; lint 
medium to short, percentage good; seeds small, fuzzy, l)rownish gray. 

The following measurements were obtained from a sample of Hardin grown at the 
Alabama station, at Auburn, Ala., in 1907-: 

Bolls per pound, 85^; seeds per pound, 4,720; average length of lint, 22.2 mm. 
(l inch), varving from 19 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 35.1. 

Hardwick. Big-Boll Group. 

Georgia Bulletin 75. 

Sec Corput's Find. 
Harper Improved. 

Reported only from Nash (Jounty, N. C. Not tested. 
Harris. Upland LoN(i-STAiM.K (Jroup. 

Mississip])i: Bolivar County. 

A long-staple varietv originally from Louisiana, developed by John and Lee Harris, 
of Beulah, Miss. Not" tested. 

Harris White-Seed. 

Reported from Dunklin County, Mo. Not tested. 
163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



65 



Hart's Improved. 

Georgia Bulletins 75, 
See Beat-All. 



79. 



Big-Boll Group. 



Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 



Harville. 

(Also kuowu as Tabor Big-Boll.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 27. 

Originated by H. T. Harville, Brownwood, Tex. A very distinct cotton, developed 
from a single plant found in his field cotton by Mr. Harville some years ago. It is 
said to be from 10 to 14 days later than Rowden in maturity. Plant large and vig- 
orous in growth, with 1 to 3 limbs and fairly long fruiting branches below, shortening 
above, making the plant cone-shaped; stem and branches bright red; leaves very 
large, wath shallow lobes, light green, almost yellowish green in color; bolls large, 
the majority 5-locked; lint medium in length, percentage good; seeds large, fuzzy, 
light brownish gray in color. 

Bolls per pound, 52; seeds per pound, 3,370; average length of lint, 21.8 mm. (| 
inch), varying from 20 to 23 mm.; strength of single fibers, 7.8 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 35. 








"N i! 


-r^ 


x^-^^_______ 


? 


nj 








- 




, A 


y 




\ ••/.*• *. 


\ 




\ * I 


^ 


14^:=:;^ 


\ ^1 





Fig. 27.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Harville cotton in cultivation, as 

r^po^ted in 1907. 

Hastey's Improved. Big-Boll Group. 

Georgia: Campbell, Clarke, Harris, Meriwether, and Polk counties. 

North Carolina: Anson County. 

Georgia Bulletin 75. 

Developed by R. L. Hastey, Chipley, Ga. Plant rather tall, limbs 1 to 3, fruiting 
branches long with little or no tendency to semicluster, joints rather long, leaves 
large, bolls large, percentage of lint good, seeds medium to large, fuzzy, light brownish 
gray. 

Bolls per pound, 52; seeds per pound, 3,370; average length of lint, 23.2 mm. 
(11 inch), varying from 21 to 25 mm.; average strength, 7.3 gms.; per cent of lint, 35.1. 

Hasting's Mortgage Lifter. 

See Mortgage Lifter. 
Hasting's Sure-Crop. 

See Sure-Crop. 

Hawkins Improved. Semicluster Group. 

(Also known as Hawkins Extra-Prolific.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 28. 

Alabama Bulletins 5, 12, 13, 16, 33, 34, 40, 52, 56, 65, 76, 89, 101, 107, 130, 138, 140. 
Alabama (Canebrake) Bulletins 7, 11, 14. Arkansas Bulletin 18; First, Second, 

11500— Bui. 163—10 5 



66 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



and Third Annual R(>j)orts. Georgia Bulletins 11, 20, 24, 43, 47. Louisiana Bulle- 
tins 21, 22, 20, 27, old series; 7, 8, l(i, 17, 21, 22, 28, 29, 35, 47, 62, new series. Mis- 
sissippi Bulletins IS, 84, 88, 98; Second, Third, Fourth, Fifteenth, and Seventeenth 
Annual Reports. Oklahoma Bulletin 23. South Carolina Bulletins 1, old series; 
42, 120, new series; First and Second Annual Reports. Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 
50. Cont^ressional Cotton Seed Distribution Leaflet for 1906. Bulletin 33, Office 
of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

A well-known and standard variety developed by W. B. Hawkins, Nona, Ga., 
from a mixture of New Era, Peerless, Dickson, Ilerlong, and some others. Plants 
fairly early in maturity, tall and pyramidal in shape, with 1 to 3 limbs, fruiting 
branches numerous, short, and irregularly jointed, bolls clustered to some extent, 
leaves medium in size, bolls rather small to medium in size, lint rather short, per- 
centage good, seeds small, fuzzy, light brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 70; seeds per pound, 4,()00; average length of lint, 22. (i mm. 
(■5:! inch), varying from 20 to 26 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.3 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 36.4. 




Fig, 



28.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Hawkins Improved cotton in 
cultivation, as reported in 1907. 



Hawkins Jumbo. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. Georgia Bulletins 1(1, 27, 31. Missi.ssijjpi Bulletin 
62, Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fifteenth Annual Reports. 

Developed from Hawkins Improved by W. B. Hawkins, Nona, Ga. Not n'jiorted 
in 1907 and probably not now grown. 

Hayden. Big-Boll Group. 

Reported from Morehouse Parish, La. Originated by Geo. T. Hayden, Bastrop, 
La. Plant not seen, lint of medium length, seeds fuzzy, greenish or brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 58; seeds per pound, 3,660; average length of lint, 23.7 mm. 
(I,'; inch), varying from 21 to 27 mm.; strength of single fibers, 7.3 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 32.5. 

Haymore. Big-Boll Group. 

Reported from Newton County, Ga. Originated l)y W. W. Haymore, Crawfords- 
ville, (ia. Bolls medium to large, lint ot good length, seeds of medium size, fuzzy, 
dark green or gray. 

Bolls per pound, 67; seeds per pound, 3,800; average length of lint, 26 mm. (Ij^ 
inches), varying from 21 to 29 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.7 gms.; i)er cent of 
lint, 33.5. 

Haywood. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Arkansas: Hempstead and Little River counties. 

Developed by B. F. Haywood, Richmond, Ark. Quite similar to Allen Long- 
Staple. Plant tall, more or less semicluster in habit of growth, bolls small, lint fine 

163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 67 

and silky, seeds of medium size, fuzzy, brownish gray in color. The following meas- 
urements were taken from a sample grown in Waco, Tex.: 

Bolls per pound, 116; seeds per pound, 4,190; average length of lint, 33.9 mm. 
(1|A inches), varying from 29 to 37 mm.; per cent of lint, 25.7. 

Heinze Improved. 

Reported from Bartow County, Ga. Originator unknown. 
Henderson Big-Boll. Big-Boll Group. 

Reported only from Denton County, Tex., and said to have been originated by 
C Henderson, Pilot Point, Tex. 

Herlong. 

See Bancroft's Herlong. 
Herndon, or Herndon Select. Semicluster Group. 

Georgia: Elbert County. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. Georgia Bulletins 43, 47. 

This variety is said to have been developed by J. A. Herndon, of Elberton, Ga. 
It was tested some years ago and was found to yield small bolls and seeds and a 
rather low percentage of lint. 

Hiffley, or Hefley. Big-Boll Group. 

Texas: Brazos, Callahan, and Falls counties. 

Developed by J. D. Hiffley, of Cameron, Tex. Not tested. 
Hilliard. Early Group. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. Mississippi Bulletin 18; Fourth Annual Report. Bul- 
letin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

A small-boiled cotton developed by W. A. Hilliard, Bowersville, Ga. Not now 
grown. 

Hillis, or Hillis Green-Seed. Big-Boll Group. 

Texas: Clay and Rockwell counties. 

Hillis is said to have been developed in Collin County, Tex., l)y selection from 
Rowden. It is an early, large-boiled cotton, yielding a good jjercentage of lint. 

Hipp Improved. 

(Also known as Hepp Improved.) 

Georgia: Campbell and Meriwether counties. 

Georgia Bulletin 75. 

A local variety developed by T. A. Hipp, Forest, Ga., and tested by the Georgia 
station in 1906. As grown at the station this variety was not uniform, being a mix- 
ture of semiclustered and long-branched plants, bearing rather small bolls, mostly 
4-locked. The following measurements were obtained: 

Bolls per pound, 89; seeds per pound, 5,000; per cent of lint, 32.9. 

Hodge. Early Group. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. North Carolina State Board of Agriculture Bulletin for 
September, 1906. 

Not now grown. It is said to have been similar to King. 
Hodges. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Not now grown. A long-staple variety which was tested several years ago by the 
Department of Agriculture. Bolls rather small, lint soft and fine, but very weak; 
seeds fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls per pound, 84; seeds per pound, 3,475; average length of lint, 34 mm. (1^| 
inches); strength of single fibers, 2.8 gms.; per cent of lint, 25. 

Hoelscher Big-Boll. Big-Boll Group. 

Texas: Falls County. 

Originated by B. P. Hoelscher, Lott, Tex. Plant not seen, lint of medium length, 
seeds large, fuzzy, light brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 50^; seeds per pound, 3,400; average length of lint, 24.5 mm. 
(H inch), varying from 22 to 27 mm.; strength of single fibers, 8.2 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 34.2. 

163 



68 VAIUETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

Hogan. 

Pvc])()r1s of llic ratciil OHicc for ]S48aiid 1850. RciMirt of the ("oiiinii.ssioin'r of Af,'ri- 
c-uhure for JS()(i. 

An old variety not now j,'ro\vn. 
Holmes. IJic-Holl (iuoup. 

Alabama: Blount and Talladega counties. 

Georgia: Dekalb, Lowndes, and Merivvellicr counties. 

Louisiana: Winn Parish. 

Mississippi: Kemper and Noxubee counties. 

Texas: Bexar, Comal, Duval, Fannin, Fayette, (ioiizaies, and Kanies counlics. 

Louisiana Bulletin (i2. 

Said to have been developed by John Holmes, a negro living in Winn Parisli, La. 
Not tested . 
Holmes. I'i-land Long-Staple Group. 

Formerly grown in De Soto Parish, La. Lint soft and silky, :V.] mm. {\j% inches) 
in length, seeds small, fuzzy, gray. 
Howell. Peterkin GrotJp. 

Louisiana Bulletin 17. lUilletin 33, Oftice of Experiment Stations, V. S. Dept. of 
Agriculture. 

A local variety grown in Winn Parish, La., and .^aid to have been introduced by 
Henry Howell, of "Winlield, La. Not tested. 

Hudson. 

Reported from Husk County, Tex. Not tested. 
Huebner. Big-Boll Stormphook (Jroup. 

Texas: Austin, Falls, and Lavaca counties. 

Originator miknown. An old variety, introduced al)out 1892, aiid prol>aI)ly a strain 
of Myers, which it greatly resembles. Not tested. 

Humphrey's Dalkeith. Upland LoiNG-SrAixE Gkovi'. 

Texas Bulletin 50. 

See Keno. 
Hunnicutt. P.ic-Boll Group. 

( Al.-^o known as Hunnicutt Choice and Hunnicutt Big-Boll.) 

Alabama Bulletins 33, 31, 40, 5G, 76, 89, 107, 140. (ieorgia Bulletins 11, Ki, 20, 24, 
27, 31. Louisiana Bulletins 21, 22, 28, 29. Mississippi P.ulletin 18; Fourth Annual 
Beport. Oklahoma Bulletin 23. Bulletin 33, Office of Exi)eriment Stations, U. S. 
Dept. of Agriculture. 

Not now grown. A large-boll, late variety developed by J. B. Hunnicutt, of 
Athens, Ga. • 

Humiicutt Big-Boll. Big-Boil Group. 

Alabama: Sumter County. 

A local variety developed by J. A. Hunnicutt, of Livingston, Ala. 
Hurley Improved Gold-Dust. 

Louisiana Bulletin 47. 

Not now grown. 
Hurley's Choice Long-Staple. 

Louisiana Bulletin (i2. Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45. 50. 

Not now grown. 
Hutchinson. Big-Boll Group. 

(Also known as Ilutchin.'^on's Improved Prolific and Hutchinson's Stormproof 
Prolific.) 

Alabama: Lee County. 

Georgia: Coweta and Meriwether counties. 

North Carolina: Mecklenburg County. 
163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



69 



South Carolina: Beaufort County. 

Tennessee : Gil)soii County. 

Alabama Bulletins 76, 89, 101, 140. Georgia Bulletins 3i, 35, 39, 56. Louisiana 
Bulletin 47. South Carolina Bulletins 42, 120. 

Originated by J. N. Hutchinson, Salem, Ala. Formerly grown more extensively 
than at present. As tested by the experiment stations, Hutchinson yielded 55 to 60 
bolls per pound, 3,100 to 3,500 seeds per pound, and 31 to 32 per cent of lint. 

Immanuel. • E.-vrly Groui'. 

Reported from Sumter County, S. C. A small-boll, short-staple variety yielding 
about 34 per cent of lint. Not tested. 

Imperial Big-Boll. 

Tested by the Louisiana station at Baton Rouge in 1907. Classification uncertain, 
as the bolls are too small to be included in the big-boll group. 

Bolls per pound, 81; seeds per pound, 3,870; average length of lint, 22.3 mm. 
(II inch), varying from 20 to 27 mm.; per cent of lint, 31.8. 

Irene. 

Reported from.East Feliciana Parish, La. 

See Peebles Choice, formerly known as Peebles Irene. 







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Fig. 29.— Map of the ootton-growing States, showing the distribution of Jackson, or African Limbless, cot- 
ton in cultivation, as reported in 1907. 

Jackson, or African Limbless. Cluster Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 29. 

Alabama Bulletins 101, 107, 130, 138, 140. Georgia Bulletins 39, 43, 47. Louisiana 
Bulletin 62. Mississippi Bulletin 62; Thirteenth and Fifteenth Annual Reports. 
South Carolina Bulletins 42, 120. 

A closely clustered variety introduced in 1894 by T. W. Jackson, of Atlanta, Ga. 
Most extravagant claims were made for this variety and for a time seed was sold at a 
very high price. It was similar to Dickson and Welborn's Pet, but grevy taller and the 
leaves were somewhat larger. It is rarely seen now in a pure state and is grown much 
less than formerly. Like other cluster cottons, Jackson is very prolific on rich soils 
where long-limb varieties are too "weedy "' in growth. 

Plant tall and slender, limbs 1 to 3; fruiting branches reduced to spurs from 1 to 6 
inches long; leaves very large; bolls crowded together on the shortened branches, 
4 to 5 locked, rounded in shape; lint of medium length; seeds medium in size, fuzzy, 
brownish grav; cotton very hard to pick free from trash. 

Bolls per pound, 98; seeds per pound, 4,530; average length of lint, 22 mm. (| inch); 
strength of single fibers, 5.2 gms.; per cent of lint, 34.5. 
163 



70 



VARIETIES OP AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Jackson Round-Boll, Bic-Boi.l Stormproof Group. 

(Also known as Apple-Boll.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 30. 

Congressional Cotton Seed Distribution Leaflet for 1900. 

Originated by James Jackson, Preston, Tex., from a single plant found in his field 
in 1897. Bolls round; burs without shar)) i)oints, easily ])icked but stormproof; plant 
large and vigorous, with 1 to 15 liml>s; i'ruiling branches fairly short jointed; leaves 
large; bolls large, the majority ^-locked; lint of medium length; i)ercentage good; 
seeds large, fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls per ])Ound, 53.^.; seeds per pound, 3,380; average length of lint, 23 mm. (j^ 
inch), varying from 21 to 24 mm.; strength of single fibers, 7.() gms.; per cent of 
lint, 35.8. 

Japan. Bir.-Boix (J roup. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. Texas Bullelin 40. 
An old variety not now in cultivation. 

Java. 

This variety was formerly grown in White County, Ark. It is statfd that Dr. J. J. 
Goodloe and E. II. Hlankenshij), of Rose Bud, Ark., introduced it in 1870. 




Fig. 30. — Map of the cotton-fjrowinf; States, showing the distribution o.' Jackson Round-Holl eotton in 

cultivation, as reported in 1907. 

Jersey. Peterkin" Group. 

(.\lso known as Jersey Little Brown-Seed.) 

A strain of Peterkin grown in Jefferson Davis County, Miss., and said to yield 38 
to 40 per cent of lint. Originator unknown. Not tested. 

John BviU. Upland Lono-Staple Group. 

Mississippi Bulletin 88. 

Formerly grown in Pike County, Miss. Tested in 1904 by the Mississippi station. 
Per cent of lint, 29.3; length, Ik inches. 

Johnson's Big-Boll. Big-Boll Group. 

Reported from \\'oodford, Okla., and probably the same as Harville. Not tested. 
Johnson's Improved. Semicluster Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 31. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. 

A variety introduced by the Mark W. Johnson Seed Company, Atlanta, Ga. 
Plants not uniform, mostly semicluster in habit of growth, but with a considerable 
mixture of longer Ijranched cotton; bolls small to medium in size, seeds fuzzy, brown- 
ish gray. 

1G3 



Descriptions of varieties. 



71 



Jones Early. Early Group. 

Texas: Bosque and Brazos counties. 

This variety was developed many years ago by a Doctor Jones, of Bryan, Tex., 
from a mixture of Herlong and Bohemian. It was selected for earliness and per- 
centage of lint. Doctor Jones is now dead, but his former neighbor, J. H. White, 
continued to improve the variety. 

Plants of medium height, limbs 1 to 3; fruiting branches slender, short, but regu- 
larly jointed; leaves medium in size; bolls rather small to medium; percentage of 
lint good; seeds "fuzzy, greenish or brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 79i; seeds per pound, 4,430; average length of lint, 25.1 mm. 
(f^ inch), varying from 23 to 29 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.9 gms.; per cent 
of "lint, 36. ^ 

Jones Improved. Big-Boll Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 32. 

Alabama Bulletins 5, 12, 13, 16, 33, 40, 56, 76, 89, 101, 107, 130, 140; Report for 
1881-82. Alabama (Canebrake) Bulletins 7, 11, 14. Arkansas Bulletin 18; First and 
Third Annual Reports. Georgia Bulletins 16, 20, 24, 27, 31, 35, 39, 43, 52, 56, 59, 
63, 70. Louisiana Bulletins 13, 21, 22, 26, 27, old series; 8, 16, 62, new series. Mia- 





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Fig. 31. — Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Johnson's Improved cotton in 

cultivation, as reported in 1907. 

sissippi Bulletins 62, 83, 87, 98; Third, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Annual Reports. 
South Carolina Bulletins 1, old series; 120, new series; P'irst and Second Annual 
Reports. Texas Bulletins 40, 45, 50. Congressional Cotton Seed Distribution Leaf- 
let for 1903. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

J. F. Jones, of Hogansville, Ga., states that he obtained the seed of this variety 
from the field of J. S. Wyche, of Oakland, Ga., many years ago. Jones Improved 
is now slightly different from Wyche, the bolls being smaller and the plants earlier 
in maturity. It has become somewhat mixed with other varieties during the past 
few years. 

Plants of medium height, stocky in growth, with 1 to 3, usually 2, stout limbs; 
fruiting branches 2 feet or more in length at base of stalk, 4 to 8 inches at the top; 
joints rather long, especially the first; leaves large; bolls large, the majority 5-locked; 
lint of medium length; seeds large, fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls per pound^ 60; seeds per pound, 3,050; average length of lint, 24 mm. (if 
inch); strength of single fibers, 5.2 gms.; jier cent of lint, 30. 

Jones Wonderful. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

(Also known as Jones Long-Staple Prolific.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 33. 

Alabama Bulletins 33, 40, 52, 56, 76, 107, 140. Arkansas Bulletin 18. Georgia 
Bulletins 11, 20, 24, 27, 31. Louisiana Bulletin 16. Mississippi Bulletins 18, 23, 
62; Second, Third, Fourth, Sixth, and Eighth Annual Reports. South Carolina 



72 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Bulletin 1, old series; First and Second Annual Reports. Texas bulletins .'54, 40, 
45, 50. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Aiiriculture. 

Not now grown. It was develo])ed by J. 11. Jones, Ilerndon, Ga. As tested by 
the exj)eriinent stations from ten to fiftecni years ap;o, this varic^ty was a long-staple 
cotton yielding lint 1^ to 1 1^ inches in length; i)er cent, 28 to 30. 

Joslin Improved. 

A local variety grown in Delta County, Tex. Not tested. 
Jowers, or Jowers Improved. 

Alabama Bulletin 7(i; Report for 1881-82. Louisiana Bulletins 13, 21, 22, 26, 27, 
old series; 8, Ki, new series. South Carolina Bulletin 1, old series; First and Second 
Annual Rei)orts. Hulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agri- 
culture. 

Reported from Lee, Terrell, and Webster counties, Ga. Originated by W. P. 
Jowers, Preston, Ga. Jowers was tested twenty years ago l)y the Louisiana Agricul- 
tural Exjx'riment Station, with the following results: 

Bolls per pound, 85; seeds per pound, 4,300; per cent of lint, 34.4. 




Fig. 32. — Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Jones Improved cotton in culti- 
vation, as reported in 1907. 

Jumibo. Big-Boll Ctroup. 

Reported from Montgomery County, Kans., and said to have been brought from 
Texas. 

Keith. Semicluster Group. 

Alabama Bulletins 33, 34, 40, 56, 107, 140. Georgia Bulletins 11, 16. Bulletin 
33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

A local variety not now grown. It is stated to have been an early-maturing cotton 
with short -jointed fruiting branches. Per cent of lint, 30 to 31; length of lint, 1 inch. 

KeUy. Cluster Group. 

Arkansas: Conway County. 

North Carolina: Gaston and Pitt counties. 

Louisiana Bulletins 22, 28. Mississippi Bulletin IS; Fourth Annual Report. 

A cluster cotton very similar to Dickson. It was developed by selection from 
Ilerlong, by S. E. Kelly, Appling, Ga. 

Plant spire shaped, tall, with 1 to 3 limbs and A'ory short fruiting l)ranches, 4 to ;' 
inches long below, shortening to 1 to 2 inches at the top of ihe plant; leaves medium 
to large; bolls medium in size, rounded; seeds rather small, fuzzy, greenish ur brown- 
ish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 87; seeds per pound, 5,050; average length of lint, 20 mm. (|f 
inch); per cent of lint, 31. 

163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



73 



Kemp. Skmichsteu Group. 

Louisiana: Vernon Parish. 

Originator unknown. Plant short branched, medium early iu maturity; bolls 
medium in size, opening wiilely and allowing the cotton to waste badly during storms; 
seeds small, fuzzy, gray; per cent of lint, 33 to 35. Not tested. 

Kemper County. 

Mississippi Bulh'tin 62; Twelfth and Thirteenth Annual Reports. 
A local variety from Moscow, Miss., tested by the Mississippi station in 190.5. The 
length of lint is stated to b(^ 1 inch, the per cent, 33.:?. 

Kenneth. Upland Lonkj-St-^ple Group. 

Louisiana Bulletins 21, 29. 

A local variety from Monroe, La., tested by the Louisiana slafioii in 1893. The 
percentage is given as 29.4. 

Keno. L'PLAND Loncj-Staple Group. 

(Also known as Keyno, Atkins, Adkin, Mand Adkin, Eureka, Colthorp, Colthorp 
Eureka, Dalkeith, Dalkeith Eureka, and Humphrey Eureka.) 

Alabama: Chilton, Jefferson, Marion, and Tuscaloosa counties. 




Fig. 33. — Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Jones Wonderful cotton in culti- 
vation, as reported in 1907. 

Arkansas: Chicot, Hempstead, Lafayette, Monroe, and Phillips counties. 

Louisiana: Acadia, Concordia, East Carroll, Iberville, Madison, Pointe Coupee, 
Tensas, West Feliciana, and Winn parishes. 

Mississippi: Grenada, Issaquena, Quitman, Tallahatchie, and Washington counties. 

North Carolina: Chowan, Cleveland, Edgecombe, Jones, and Rutherford 'counties. 

South Carolina: Lexington County. 

Tennessee: Chester County. 

Texas: Camp, Comanche, Hunt, and Liberty counties. 

Alabama Bulletins 40, 52, 107. 140. Louisiana Bulletins IG, 17, 21, 22. 28, 29, 35. 
Mississippi Bulletins 18, 23, G2; Fourth, Sixth, and Eighth Annual Reports. South 
Carolina Bulletins 1, old series; 2, 18, new series; First and Second Annual Reports. 
Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 50. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. 
Dept. of Agriculture. 

A "quarter" cotton originated many years ago by a negro, Mand Adkin, who was then 
living at Omega, La., and sold by him to A. S. ColthoriJ, Talla Bena, Madison Parish, 
La. Keno was originated by a three years' selection of the best plants in a 50-acre 
field of common cotton. Nothing has since been done to improve the variety, but 
the seed has been kept pure by Mr. Colthorp and other planters of Madison Parish. 

163 



74 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Plant tall and slender, pyramidal, open in growth or in some soils semiclustered; 
limbs to 3, comino; out G to 8 inches from the ground; fruiting branclu's long, 
slender, and fairly short jointed; bolls rather small, pointed; lint soft, fine, and silky'; 
seeds rather small, fuzzy, and gray in color, a small perc(>ntage smooth and black. 

A sample grown by Mr. Colthorp in 1907 measured as follows: 

Bolls per ])()und, (12; seeds per poimd, 4,220; average length of lint, 29.5 mm. (l/^ 
nclies), varying from 27 to 32 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.5 gms.; per cent of 



m 

lint, 28.3. 



Peterkin Group. 



Kikoka, or Kioka. 

Georgia: Houston and Pulaski counties. 

Georgia Bulletin 75. 
_ Developed by W. R. Sparks, of Macon, Ga. Plant rather tall and slender in gi-owth, 
limbs 1 to 3; fruiting branches long and slender, joints of medium length: Ixills small 
to medium in size; percentage of lint high, from 38 to 39. 

Kimble. Peterkin Group. 

A local variety formerly grown in Webster Parish, La. 




Fig. 34.— Map of the potton-growing States, showing the distribution of King, or King's Improved, cotton 

in cnltiviilion, a.s repoiteil in 1007. 

King, or King's Improved. Early Group. 

Distribution: See majj, figure 34. 

Alabama Bulletins 5, 12, 13, 16, 22, 33, 34, 40, 5G, 76, 101, 107, 130, 138, 140. Ala- 
bama (Canebrake) Bulletins 7, 11, 14, 22, 23. Alabama (Tuskegee) Bulletin 7. 
Alabama (Wetumpka) T'irst Annual Report. Georgia Bulletins 11, 16, 20, 24, 27, 31, 
35, 39, 43, 47, 63, 66, 70. Louisiana Bulletins 21, 22, 26, 27, old series; 7, 16, 17, 22, 
29, 35, 47, 62, 71, new series. Mississippi lUdletins 18, 23, 62, 79, 83, 84, 87, 88, 98; 
Third, Fourth, Sixth, Eighth, Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Seventeenth Annual Reports. 
North Carolina Bulletin 146. North Carolina State Board of Agriculture Bulletin 
for September, 1906. Oklahoma Bulletin 23. South Carolina Bulletins 18, 42, 120. 
Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 50, 75. Congressional Cotton Seed Distribution Leaflets 
for 1903 and 1904. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of 
Agriculture. 

T. J. King, formerly of Louisburg, K. C, now of Richmond, Va., states that about 
1890 he found a stalk of very ]m)lific cotton in his field of Sugar-Loaf. The seed from 
this stalk was saved separately, and from it lu; developed the strain known as King's 
Improved. Some years afterwards he sent seed of this strain, together with Sugar- 
Loaf, to several experiment stations under the nam( s "King's Improved No. 1" and 
"King's Imi)roved No. 2." Mr King became convinced from the reports so obtained 
that his strain had become practic-ally identical with the parent variety, Sugar-Loaf, 
and in this publication they are considered as one variety. See Sugar-Loaf for 
descrii)ti()n of plant, etc. 
163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 75 

Kling's Green-Seed. 

Reported only from Pike County, Ark. Not tested. 
Kirk. Upland I.ong-Staple Group. 

Mississippi: Bolivar, Coahoma, and Grenada counties. 

Developed by J. M. Kirk, Gunnison, Miss., who states that this variety is the 
result of several years' careful selection of a long-staple cotton purchased from Mr. 
Craig, of Vicksburg. Seeds small; lint soft and fine, 1^ inches in length. 

Kirkwood. Big-Boll Group. 

South Carolina: Spartanburg and York counties. 
A large-boll cotton resembling Truitt. Originator unknown. Not tested. 

Knight. 

(Also known as Knight's Improved Small-Seed Prolific.) 
Georgia Bulletins 27, 31. 

Developed by W. G. Knight, Sandersville, Ga. Not now grown. This variety was 
tested by the Georgia Experiment Station in 1894-95, with the following results: 
Bolls per pound, 78 to 98; seeds per pound, 4,166 to 5,263; per cent of lint, 33 to 34. 

Knox. Semicluster Group. 

A local variety grown in Montgomery County, Ark. It is said to have been devel- 
oped by a Mr. Knox, of Crystal Springs, Ark. 

Kolb's Prolific. 

Alabama (Canebrake) Bulletin 18. Louisiana Bulletins 28, 29. 
Not now grown. Tested by the Louisiana Experiment Station in 1894, when the 
percentage of lint was found to be from 34 to 35. 

Laas. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

Texas: Waller County. 

Developed by H. Laas, R. F. D. No. 1, Brookshire, Tex., by crossing Bohemian 
and Russell. Lint of good length; seeds large, fuzzy, gray and green in color. 

Bolls per pound, 44; seeds per pound, 3,260; average length of lint, 25.8 mm. (I3V 
inches), varying from 24 to 28 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.6 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 35.2. 

Laird. 

Reported from Falls County, Tex. Originator unknown. Not tested. 

Lamb's-Wool. 

Not now in cultivation. It was formerly grown in Randolph County, Ala. 
Originator unknown. 

Laney Improved. Early Group. 

Developed by R. B. Laney, Cheraw, S. C. Not tested. 
Langford, or Langford Big-Boll. Big-Boll Group. 

Georgia: Madison County. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 70. 

Developed by Sidney J. Langford, Hix, Ga. Plants large and vigorous in growth, 
quite strongly semiclustered; limbs usually 2, fruiting branches short and irregu- 
larly jointed;' bolls large, percentage of lint good; seeds rather large, fuzzy, gray or 
greenish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 56; seeds per pound, 3,260; average length of lint, 25.5 mm. 
(1 inch), varving from 23 to 27 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.5 gms.; per cent of 
lint, from 34 to 38.6. 

Layton Improved. Peterkin Group. 

Arkansas: Jackson and Lee counties. 

Georgia: Elbert, Floyd, Polk, Spalding, Sumter, and Talbot counties. 
Mississippi: Amite County. 

South Carolina: Greenwood, Lancaster, Newberry, and Orangeburg counties. 
Texas: Blanco County. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 138, 140. Georgia Bulletins 63, 66, 70, 75, 79. Missis- 
sippi Bulletin 98. 

1G3 



76 VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

A strain of Peterkin developed by R. I). Layton, St. Matthew.s, S. C. Plant similar 
to Peterkin, bolls small to medium in size, 54 per cent 5-locked; lint rather short, 
perrenta,u;e very high; seeds small, covered with a short, brownish gray fuzz. 

lioUs per pound, S2; seeds pvr pound, 5,170; average length of lint, 23.1 mm. 
Ci?, inch), varying from 21 to 2G nnn.; strength of single libers, (i.l gms.; per rent of 
lint, 39.9. 

Leafless. 

Texas: Throckmorton County. 
Sre Rublee's Leafless. 

Lealand. Semicluster Group. 

Georgia: Oglethorpe County. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 140. Georgia Bulletins 59, 63. 

A local variety developed by Henry P. Jones, of Herndon, Ga. Bolls jxt jiound, 
80 to 84; per cent of lint, from 28 to 32. 

Lee. Big-Boll Group. 

(Also known as Lee's Improved, Lee's Early, and Lee's No. 1 and No. 2.) 

Alabama: Dallas County. 

Georgia: Jenkins and Spalding counties. 

North Carolina: Harnett and Rutherford counties. 

Mississippi: Bolivar and Grenada counties. 

Texas: Austin County. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. Georgia Bulletins 39, 43, 52, 59, 70. Mississippi Bul- 
letin 62; Thirteenth and P'ifteenth Annual Reports. 

Developed by E. E. Lee, of Corinth, Ala., and said to be a "selection of the best of 
the old Cummings variety." Not tested. 

Lewis Prize. Semicluster Group. 

(Also known as Lewis Improved Prize Prolific.) 

Alabama: Greene ('ounty. 

Georgia: Elbert County. 

Louisiana: Tangipahoa Parish. 

Mississippi: Amite, Claibourne, Clay, Hinds, Holmes, Lauderdale, and Wilkinson 
counties. 

North Carolina: Gaston and Johnson counties. 

South Caroliila: Barnwell County. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 140. Georgia Bulletins 66, 70, 75. Mississippi Bulletins 
79, 84, 98; Fifteenth Annual Report. 

Developed by W. B. F. Lewis, Lewiston, La. Plants lacking in uniformity, some 
closely semiclustered, others more open and lon^? branched; bolls of medium size, 
rounded; seeds fuzzy, brown; lint of medium length, high in percentage. 

Bolls per pound, 81; seeds per pound, 4,880; average length of lint, 24.1 mm. 
(f;| inch), varying from 21 to 26 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.7 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 38.3. 

Limbaugh Improved. Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama: Talladega County. 

Developed by W. J. Limbaugh, Sylacauga, Talladega County, Ala., by mixing 
Russell, King, and Cook's Improved. 

Bolls per pound, 54; seeds per pound, 3,600; average length of lint, 21 mm. ( j ;' inch), 
varying from 19 to 23 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.7 gms.; per cent of lint, 33.8. 

Little Brannon. Peterkin Group. 

Louisiana: East Baton Rouge, Iberville, and Livingston parishes. 

A small-boll selection from Branntm, grown by the Louisiana station (Baton Rouge) 
in 1907. Lint of good length; seeds of medium size, fuzzy. 

Bolls per pound, 72 to 94; seeds per pound, 3,980; average length of lint, 27.3 mm. 
(liV inches), varying from 25 to 29 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5 gms.; j)er cent of 
lint, 27 to 36. 
163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 77 

Little Maxie. Early Group. 

Arkansas: Stone County. 

Originated by John H. Maxie, Tinibo, Stone County, Ark. Not tested . 
Little's Improved. Cluster (Jkoup. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 47. 

Not now grown. It was a strain of eluster cotton resembling Diekson, selected from 
Edgeworth by J. C. Little, Louisville, Ga. 

Long-Shank, or Shankhigh. Big-Boll (iroup. 

Georgia: Clarke and Oconee counties. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 79. 

Originated by R. E. and M. L. Branch, Bishop, Oconee County, Ga. A distinct 
variety characterized by the distance from the ground to the first limbs and by the 
rounded bolls. 

Plant strongly semicluster or almost cluster in habit of growth; limbs 1 to 3, coming 
out 6 to 8 inches above the base; fruiting branches short with short and irregular joints; 
bolls medium to large, seeds large; fuzzy, gray in color. 

Bolls per pound, 59J, seeds per pound, 3,450; average length of lint, 23.6 mm. 
(If inch), varying from 22 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.7 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 34.4. 

Lowe. BiG-BoLL Group. 

Mississippi: Lauderdale County. 

A Texas big-boll variety introduced into Mississippi about sixteen years ago and 
improved by S. A. Lowe, of Meridian, Miss. Lint of fair length, strong; seeds large, 
fuzzy. 

Bolls per pound, 46; seeds per pound, 3,360; average length of lint, 24.6 mm. 
(f I inch), varying from 23 to 26 mm.; strength of single fibers, 7.6 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 36. 

Lowell. BiG-BoLL Group. 

Texas: Glasscock and Hill counties. 

Originator unknown. Said to be a large-boll variety earlier than Rowden. Not 
tested . 

Lowry. Early Group. 

(Also known as Lowry's Improved and Lowry's Purest Proiitic.) 
Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. Georgia Bulletins 31, 35. South Carolina Bulletins 

42, 120. Texas Bulletin 50. • 

An early-maturing, small-boll variety developed by J. G. Lowry, Cartersville, Ga. 

Not now in cultivation. 

McCall. Cluster Group. 

South Carolina: Clarendon, Dorchester, Marlboro, Richland, and Saluda counties. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 56. South Carolina Bulletins 1, old series; 
2, new series; First and Second Annual Reports. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment 
Stations, LT. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

A cluster cotton resembling Dickson which was developed by a Mrs. McCall, of 
Bennettsville, S. C. The name "Triple-Jointed " hasbeen jjroposed for this cotton on 
account of the bolls often being borne in clusters of three. 

McCauley. 

Texas: Titus County. 

Originator unknown. Not tested. 
McClendon. Big-Boll Group. 

Georgia: Haralson County. 

Said to be a large-boll variety yielding from 34 to 36 per cent of lint. Originator 
unknown. Not tested. 

McClure's Prolific. 
Texas: Smith County. 
Originator unknown. Not tested. 
163 



78 VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

McCrary Prolific. 

Si)Uth Carolina: Aiulcn-ioii County. 

Dt'voloped by Saniuol McCrary, Autun, S. C. Not tested. 
McLain Prolific. Early (iuoui'. 

Louisiana: Caldwell and Franklin parishes. 

A small to medium boll cotton grown locally. It is said to yield 37.5 i)er cent of 
lint. Originator unknown. Not tested. 

Maddox, or Maddox Improved. Bki-Boli. Gnour. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. Georgia Bulletin 4:>>. 

Not now grown. A late-maturing, large-boll variety developed bv J. S. ]\laddox, 
of Orchard Hill, Ga. 

Mallius Prolific. 

Louisiana Bulletin 13, old series. Bulletin 33, Oflice of Experiment Stations, 
U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Not now grown. A local variety grown in Louisiana about twenty years ago. 
Mameluke. 

Louisiana: Richland Pari.-<h. 

Said to have been introduced recently by David Todd, of Natchez, Miss. Not 
tested. 

Mammoth Prolific. Big -Boll Group. 

Arkansas Bulletins 18, 23; Third Annual Reiiort. Georgia Bulletins 11, 20. Missis- 
sippi Bulletin No. 18; Seccmd, Third, and Fourth Aunual Reports. North Carolina 
Tenth Annual Report. Bulletin 33, Ollice of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of 
Agriculture. 

Not now grown. A variety resembling Truitt, developed by T. J. King, of Louis- 
burg, N. C. ' ' '^ 

Marshall. 

.V local variety grown in Rankin County, Mi.^^s. Not tested. 
Marston, or Marston's ProUfic. I'i-land Long-Staple Group. 

Louisiana Bulletins 21, 22, 28, 29; Third and Fourth Annual Reports. Mississippi 
Bulletins 18, 23; F\)urth Annual Report. Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 50. Bulletin 33, 
Office of Experiment Stations, XT. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Not now grown. Developed by S. W. Marston, East Point, La. 
Martin Five-Lock. * Big-Boll Group. 

A large-boll variety grown quite extensively at Newport, Lone Grove, and Keller, 
Okla., and said to have been originated about six years ago by Peter Martin, of tleald- 
ton, Okla. Not tested. 

Martin ProUfic. 

Louisiana Tiulletins 21, 22, 26, 27, old series; 8, 16, new series. Bulletin 33, Office 
of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Not now grown. A local variety tested some years ago by the Louisiana station. 
The percentage of lint is given as 30. 

Maiyland Green-Seed. Early Group. 

An unimproved cotton grown in some parts of Maryland where home spinning still 
survives. It is quite a distinct variety and related to '^Pennessee Green-Seed, but more 
dwarf in habit of growth. It is slightly earlier than King. 

Plant dwarf and sj)reading in habit, 2 to 3 feet high, limbs short; fruiting branches 
short jointed, leaves small to medium in size, softly hairy; flowers creamy white with- 
out petal spots; bolls 3, 4, and 5 locked, cotton falling out badly during storms; lint 
short; percentage low; seeds rather large, fuzzy, green. 

Bolls per pound, 105; seeds per pound, 3,750; average length of lint, 20 mm. 
(^5 inch); strength of single fibers, 6.9 gms.; per cent. of lint, 25. 

Mascot. Early' Group. 

Georgia: Bullock and Spalding counties. 
Louisiana: Bienville Parish. 

South Carolina: Clarendon and Lancaster counties. 
163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 79 . 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 140. Georgia Bulletins 39, 43, 47, 56, 63, 66. Mississippi 
Bulletin 62; Twelfth and Thirteenth Annual Reports. 

A strain of King developed by J. G. Ruan, Macon, Ga. It was tested several times 
by experiment stations, and the results show that the bolls are slightly larger than those 
of King. 
Mask's Green-Leaf. Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama: Tuscaloosa County. 

Georgia: Fayette County. 

North Carolina: Carteret County. 

Tennessee: Decatur County. 

Texas: Denton and Hunt counties. 

Georgia Bulletins 75, 79. 

Originated by T. H. Mask, Inman, Ga. Plant semicluster in habit of growth, fairly 
uniform, limbs 1 to 3; fruiting branches short and irregularly jointed; leaves large, 
smooth, and Hat, and held later in the fall than those of other varieties; bolls large, 
67 per cent 5-locked ; lint of medium length, percentage of lint good ; seeds of medium 
size, fuzzy, brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 66^; seeds per pound, 4,060; average length of lint, 24.2 mm. 
^1 inch), varying from 22 to 26 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.3 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 37. 

Mastodon. 

Reports of Patent Office, 1847 and 1849. 

An old variety not now grown. 
Matagorda Silk. 

A variety formerly grown in Shelby County, Tenn. Originator unknown. 
Matthews. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

(Also known as Matthews' s Extra-Long-Staple.) 

Alabama: Jefferson County. 

Arkansas: Clay, Hempstead, Pope, Phillips, and White counties. 

Florida: Santa Rosa County. 

Georgia: Bryan and Grady counties. 

Louisiana: Catahoula Parish. 

Mississippi: Tishomingo County. 

Missouri: Dunklin County. 

North Carolina: Catawba and Vance counties. 

South Carolina: Oconee County. 

Tennessee: Rutherford and Shelby counties. 

Texas: Cass and Shelby counties. 

Alabama Bulletins 40, 52, 107, 140. Georgia Bulletin 20. Louisiana Bulletins 21, 
22, 28, 29. Mississippi Bulletin 23; Sixth Annual Report. North Carolina Bulletin 
146. South Carolina Bulletin 18. Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 50. Bulletin 33, 
Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

A variety developed by J. A. Matthews, Holly Springs, Miss. It was tested about 
fifteen years ago by the experiment stations and found to be late in maturity. The 
length of lint was about If inches; the number of bolls per pound, 68. 

Mattis. 

Alabama Bulletin 107. 

Not now grown. A local variety developed by C. F. Mattis, Learned, Miss. 

Maxey. 

Arkansas Third Annual Report. Louisiana Bulletins 13, 21, 22, 26, 27, old series; 
8, 16, new series. Mississippi Second and Third Annual Reports. South Carolina 
Bulletin 1, old series; First and Second Annual Reports. Bulletin 33, Office of 
Experiment Stations, tj. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Not now grown. 
163 



80 VAKIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

Mebane. Bio-Boll STOKMruooi' (iitoup. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. 

See Triiiinjih. 
Mercer. 

Mississippi: Bolivar (Jounty. 

Originator unknown. Not tested. 

Meredith. Bu;-Bf)i.i, (iroiji'. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 140. Geora;ia Bulletins 5!), 63, 66, 75. 

.\ local Aarioty crown in Henry County, Ga. Oris^inated by J. C. Mereditli, Jcii- 
kinsburg, Ga. Plants not uniform, a mixture of the semicluster and long-l)ran<'hed 
types. Bolls large; percentage of lint rather low; seeds large, fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls per pound, 54; seeds per pound, 3,200; average length of lint, 24.4 mm. ( { ,] 
inch), varymg from 22 to 27 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.2 gms.; per cent of lint, 
31.5. 

Mexican. 

Report of the Patent Office for 1849. 

An old A'ariety not now grown. 
Mial. 

North Carolina: Wake County. 

Originator unknown. Not tested. 
Miccasooky. EIarly Group. 

Origin unknown. It is said to have been one of the parents of Shine and was 
probably similar to Sugar- Loaf, or King. 

Mikado. 

Georgia: Bibb County. 

Georgia Bulletin 11. liouisiana Bulletins 26, 27, old series. 

Originator unknown. An old variety tested by the Georgia Experiment Station in 
1891, with the following results: 

Bolls per pound, 90; per cent of lint, 31.4 

Minor. 

Alabama Bulletin 107. Georgia Bulletins 35, 39. 

A local variety not now in cultivation. It was developed by J. I>. Minor, Meri- 
wether, Ga. 

Missionary. Petkrkin Group. 

North Carolina: Halifax and Harnett counties. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. North Carohna State Board of Agriculture Bulletin for 
September, 1906. 

Said to have been introduced by a missionary preacher. Origin unknown. The 
boils are said to be larger than Peterkm, and the percentage of lint about 40. Not 
tested . 

Mitchell, or Mitchell Twin-Boll. Semicluster Group. 

Alabama: Franklin and Morgan counties. 

Georgia: Clarke County. 

Missouri: Pemiscot County. 

South Carolina: Darlington and Lexington counties. 

Texas: Bandera and McLennan counties. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 39. 

Developed by Henry B. Mitchell, Athens, Ga. riants semicluster in habit of 
growth, with 1 to 3 limbs and with short and irregularly jointed fruiting branches; 
bolls medium in size; percentage of lint good, seeds rather large, luzzy, browiiLsh 
gray. 

Bolls per pound, 62; seeds per pound, 3,450, average length of lint. 25.5 mm. (1 inch), 
varying from 23 to 29 mm.; strength of single fibers, 7.1 gms.; per cent of lint, 34.7. 
163 



DESCKIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



81 



Mitchell's Long-Lint. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Tennessee: Wlaite County. 

Said to have been originated by J. C. Mitchell, formerly of Rock Island, Tenn. Not 
tested. 

Mitchem's Snowball. Early Group. 

North Carolina: Caldwell County. 

Originator unknown. It is said to have been brought to that county from South 
Carolina an<l to be an early-maturing small-boll cotton. 

Money-Maker. Peterkin Group. 

Alabama: Coffee County. 

Arkansas: Howard County. 

Florida: Santa Rosa County. 

Georgia: Carroll, Laurens, Madison, and Mitchell counties. 

Louisiana: Ouachita Parish. 

Mississippi: Benton County. 

South Carolina: Anderson, Barnwell, Beaufort, and Orangeburg counties. 

Georgia Bulletin 75. 

A strain of Peterkin cotton introduced by the Alexander Seed Company, Augusta, 
Ga. 

Plants of medium height; limbs 1 to 3, usually 2; fruiting branches slender; joints 
of medium length; leaves medium in size; bolls rather small; lint short. 

Bolls per pound, 81; number of seeds per pound, 5,050; per cent of lint, 36.3. 




Fig. 35.— Map of the cotton growing States, showing the distribution of Mortgage Lifter cotton in culti- 
vation, as reported in 1907. 
Montclare. Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. 

Not now grown. Originator unknown. A large-boll variety tested by the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture in 1905, and found to be a mixture of semicluster and long- 
branched cottons. Plants of medium height; limbs stout, 1 to 2; joints rather short 
and irregular or of medium length; leaves large; bolls large; percentage of lint rather 
low; seeds large, fuzzy, brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 55; seeds per pound, 3,780, average length of lint, 22 mm. {} inch); 
strength of single fibers, 4.8 gms., per cent of lint, 31.5. 

Montgomery Black-Seed. 

Mississippi: Hinds and Issaquena counties. 

Originator unknown. This variety is said to be the same as Black Rattler. 
Moon. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Arkansas: Grant, Lonoke, Pulaski, Sebastian, Sevier, and ^\^lite counties. 
Louisiana: Tensas Parish. 



11500— Bui. 163—10- 



-6 



82 VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

Texas: Brown, Lamar, and Rod River counties. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. Arkansas First and Second Annual Reports. Missis- 
sippi Third Annual Report. Oklahoma Bulletin 23. Texas Bulletin 75. Bulletin 
33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Said to have been originated by Jacob Moon, Ashdown, Tvittle River Countj^ Ark. 
Plants tall and long branched, rather late in maturity; bolls medium in size; seeds 
fuzzy, gray; lint soft and clinging, of fair length. 

Bolls per pound, (58; seeds per pound, 3, GOO; average length of lint, 31.4 mm. 
(l.,'> inches), varying from 30 to 34 mm.; strength of single fibers, 7.2 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 28.7. 

Morman. Big-Boll Group. 

Formerly grown in McCullough County, Tex. Originator unknown. Not tested. 
Morning Star. Bio-Boll Stormproof Group. 

Arkansas: Miller County. 

Texas: Fannin and Lamar counties. 

A strain of Texas Stormproof cotton developed by J. W. Segler, of WoU City, Tex. 

Mon-is. 

Louisiana Bulletins 8, l(i, 21, 29. 

Not now grown. It was developed by John O. Morris, of Gainesville, Tex. 







^ — 7 • • \ 


r 




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L "^ 


•r 


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Fig. 36.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Moss cotton in cultivation, as 

reported in 1907. 

Mortgage Lifter. Big-Boll Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 35. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 140. Georgia Bulletin 75. 

A trade name for Wyche, which see. 
Moses Eason. Peterkin Group. 

Extensively grown in Walker County and also reported from I'^ayette County, Ala. 
It is stated that the bolls are of medium size, the per cent of lint 38 to 40, and the 
plants prolific and fairly early in maturity. Not tested. 

Moss. Peterkin Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 36. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletins 47, 52, 56, 59, 63, 66, 70, 75. Mississippi 
Bulletin 98. North Carolina State Board of Agriculture Bulletin for September, 
1906. South Carolina Bulletin 120. 

A strain of Peterkin develoi>ed by Ben D. Moss, Norway, S. C. This variety made 
the very high record of 44.9 per cent of lint at the Georgia Experiment Station in 1905. 
Plant similar to Peterkin; bolls small; lint of medium length, i)ercentage very high; 
seeds small, fuzzy, brownish gray, a few smooth and black. 

Bolls per pound, 70; seeds per pound, 4,920; average length of lint, 23.3 mm. {'H 
inch), varying Irom 20 to 25 mm. ; strength of single fibers, 6 gms. ; per cent of lint, 39.4. 

103 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



83 



Multibolus. 

Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Ap:ricultiire. 

Not now grown . 
Myers, or Meyer. Big-Boli, Stormproof Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 37. 

Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

A strain of Bohemian cotton developed about forty years ago by a Mr. Meyer, of 
New Bremen, near Millheim, Austin County, Tex. Myers has become mixed with 
other varieties and is not as perfectly stormproof as formerly. 

Plants long branched with a mixture of semicluster; limbs 1 to 2, heavy, fruiting 
branches drooping under the weight of bolls; leaves large; bolls large, the majority 
5-locked, usually turning downward when mature, cotton remaining well in the boll; 
lint of medium length; seeds large, fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls per pound, 64, seeds per pound, 4,100; average length of lint, 24 mm. {\^ inch); 
strength of single fibers, 6.5 gms.; per cent of lint, 32. 

Nancy Hanks. Semicluster Group. 

Georgia: Putnam County. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 130, 140. Georgia Bulletins 35, 39, 43, 63, 66. South 
Carolina Bulletin 120. Texas Bulletin 50. 




Fig. 37.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Myers, or Meyer, cotton in 
cultivation, as reported in 1907. 



A strain of Dongola developed in eastern Georgia. Originator unknown. Plant 
semicluster in habit, bolls medium in size, seeds of medium size, fuzzy, greenish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 72; seeds per pound, 3,780; average length of lint, 24 mm. {\l inch); 
strength of single fibers, 5.7 gms.; per cent of lint, 32. 

Nankeen. 

Louisiana: Calcasieu Parish. 

Mississippi: Carroll County. 

Tennessee: Loudon County. 

Alabama Bulletin 56. 

An old variety almost extinct except in a few places where home weaving is still 
carried on. The origin of this variety is not known, but it was probably obtained by 
preserving the seed of the yellow-linted sports or mutations which sometimes occur 
in ordinary cotton. Except in color of lint, Nankeen resembles the common cotton 
grown in the same region. 

Neely Early ProlifiG. 

Mississippi: Clarke County. 
Originator unknown. Not tested. 
163 



84 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON, 



New Century. Utlanu Long-Staplk Group. 

Arkansas: Jefferson County. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Louisiana JJullctin ()2. Mi.ssissi])pi Bulletin 79; I''ifteenth 
Annual Report. 

This cotton was develoj)(Hl on the sandy uplands near Memphis, Tenn., from seed 
of unknown origin. It is l)arely a "quarter"' cotton at best and when tested by the 
Mississippi station in 1902 the length of lint was only 1^ inches, while the percentage 
was 30. 

New Era. 

See Oliver's New Era. 
Newkirk Improved. 

Texas: Delia County. 

Originator unkn<nvn. Not tested. 
Nicholson. Bi(i-Boi.i, SroitMi-uooi Gkoup. 

Distribution: See map, figure 38. 

A strain of stormproof cotton, probably Bohemian, introduced by the Texas Seed and 
Floral Company, Dallas, Tex. I'lant of medium size, limbs 1 to 3, fruiting branches 
with joints of medium length, foliage large, ijoUs medium to large, hanging down- 
ward when ripe, lint of medium length, seeds large, fuzzy, gray. 

J)Olls per pound, 69; seeds per pound, 3,475; average length of lint, 25.4 mm. (i 
inch); strength of single libers, 4.8 gms.; jter cent o'' lint, 30. 




Fig. 38. — Map of the cotton-prowing States, showinK the distribution of Nicholson cot Ion in cultivation, 

as reported in 1907. 

Ninety-Day. Early Group. 

Georgia: Wake County. 

A synonym of Sugar-Loaf, or King. 
Nonpareil, or Woodfin's Prolific. Semiclustkr Group. 

Alabama: Dallas, Ilale, Marion, and IVrry counties. 

Georgia: Banks County. 

Louisiana: East Feliciana, Ouachita, and Pointe Coupee ])ari.shes. 

Texas: Houston County. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 138, 140. Alabama (Canebrake) Bulletins 22, 23. Georgia 
Bulletins 59, 03, CO. 

Originated by Sam. \' . \\oodfin, Marion, Ala., by mixing Peerless, Senegambia, 
and Peterkin and selecting the best plants from the mixture for several years. 

Plant (juiti' similar 1(1 Peerless, limbs 1 to 3, fruiting branches short with rather short 
and irregular jnints, IxiUs small, lint of good length, seeds medium in size, fuzzy, gray 
or l)ro\vn. 

Bolls per jjound, 9S; seeds \n'V pound, 4,5.30; average length of lint, 24 mm. (}-^ 
inch); strength of single libers, 4.7 gms.; per cent of lint, 31. 

163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 85 

Norris, or Norris Big-Boll. Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. Georgia Bulletins 43, 47, 52, 56. 

Not reported in 1907. This variety was tested several times by the Georgia and 
Alabama experiment stations, with the following average results: 

Bolls per jjound, 63; seeds per pound, 3,490; per cent of lint, 32. 

Nunielee's Long-Lint. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Alabama: Bibb County. 

Originator unknown. Not tested. 
Oats, or Texas Oats. Early Grottp. 

North Carolina: Duplin County. 

Arkansas Third Annual Report. 

Louisiana Bulletins 21, 22, old series; 8, 16, new series. Mississippi Third Annual 
Report. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Bolls rather small, lint short, seeds small, smooth except a tuft of brown fuzz at 
small end, dark brown in color. 

The following measurements were obtained from a sample grown by Thomas J. 
Carr, Rosehill, Duplin County, N. C: 

Bolls per pound, 87 ; seeds per pound, 4,670; average length of lint, 22 mm. (| inch), 
varying from 21 to 24 mm. ; strength of single fibers, 5.6 gms. ; per cent of lint, 31.7. 

Ochehoma Prolific. 

Louisiana: De Soto Parish. 

Originator unknown. Not tested. 
Oki'a, or Okra-Leaf. 

Alabama Bulletins 5, 11, 13, 16, 33, 40, 52, 56, 76, 107, 140. Alabama (Canebrake) 
Bulletins 7, 11, 14. Arkansas Third Annual Report. Georgia Bulletin 20. Louisi- 
ana Bulletins 27, old series; 7, 16, 17, 21, 22, 29, new series. Mississippi Bulletins 
18, 23; Second, Third, Fourth, and Sixth Annual Reports. South Carolina Second 
Annual Report. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agri- 
culture. 

A very distinct cotton, grown as long ago as 1837, " when it was quite common and 
somewhat popular." It has been preserved more as a curiosity than as a field crop, 
and numerous tests have been made from time to time by the experiment stations. 
It was generally described as an early variety with small bolls, short lint, seeds small 
and fuzzy, and cotton wasting badly during storms. Single plants of Okra cotton 
are sometimes found in fields of King and allied varieties, and several explanations 
have been advanced to account for their presence. A small mixture of the variety 
in fields of ordinary cotton would soon be swamped by cross-fertilization and would 
disappear, but there is a possibility that reversions would sometimes occur. It is 
also possible that the Okra plants may be sports or mutations which arise independ- 
ently. Sir George Watt, an authority on Asiatic cottons, states that the Okra cotton 
formerly grown in America was an Asiatic species known as Gossypiurn neglect um Tod., 
or Gossypimn arhorenm neglrctum Watt, and that the Okra-Leaf forms now found in 
King are due to hybridization of the King variety with an entirely different species 
called Gossypiurn schottii Watt, an obscure cotton once found growing near Merida, 
Yucatan. Both of these statements are open to doubt. Prof. T. H. Middleton, also 
well acquainted with Asiatic cottons, states that Okra cotton is apparently a hybrid 
between the American species Gossypiurn hirsntum L. and an Asiatic species, G. roseum 
Tod. The Okra plants occasionally found in King have been grown separately by 
the Department of Agriculture and the measurements given below were obtained 
from them. The name " Okra" was given to this variety on account of the similarity 
of its leaves to those of some of the narrow-lobed okras. 

Plants similar to King, or Sugar-Loaf, in all respects except in shape of the leaves, 
which are split into 3 to 7 very narrow lobes, the middle lobe broadest, with 1 or 2 
teeth or lo]>ules at its base, the other lobes entire, flowers creamy white, petal spots 
often present; bolls small, 3, 4, and 5 locked, usually 4 locked, the bur opening widely 
and allowing the cotton to waste badly during storms; lint short; seeds small, fuzzy, 
brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 108; seeds per pound, 5,670; average length of lint, 20 mm. (f| 
inch); strength of single fibers, 5.2 gms.; per cent of lint, 33. 

163 



8G 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN TJPLA>'n COiTON. 



Oliver's New Era. I'lic-l'.oi,!, (iuotii'. 

Alabama: kShelby County. 

Geortjia: Putnam County. 

The oriijinator of this cotton, A. A. Oliver, Calera, Ala., states that it is especially 
adapted lo poor-land conditions and that it has been bred with that purpose in view. 
Holts medium lo hirijje, seeds larije, fuzzy, greenish or brownish gray. 

lioUs ])er ])ound, (j(); seeds jjcr pound, 3,'2()(); average length of lint, 25. (i mm. 
(I inch), varying from 22 to 28 mm.; strength of sinsjcle fibers, (j.7 gms. ; i)er cent of 
lint, 35.3. 

Ott Improved. Skmici.ustki! (iuoip. 

South Carolina: Richland Comity. 

A strain of Hawkins developed by W. F. Ott, Columbia, S. C. Bolls m(>diiim in 
size; lint rather short, ])ercentage good; seeds small, fuzzy, brownish gray. 

Bolls ])er ])ound. 7S; seeds per ])ound, 5,560; average length of lint, 21.0 mm. (| 
inch), varying from 20 to 23 mm,; strentrth of single fibers, 0.2 gms.: i)er cent of lint, 
37.7. 




Fig. ."59. — Map of the cotton-growins; States, showing the distrihul ion of nunf'(>-Roll folton in riilt ivnt ion, 

as report (Hi in 1907. 

Ounce-Boll. Uio-Hoi.i. (inorp. 

Distribution: See map, ligure 39. 

Oklahoma IhiUetin 23. 

An old variety of cotton which was probably developed in Texas or southern 
Arkansas. It is now badly mixed with other varieties, mostly long-staple and '" (piar- 
ter" cottons. When pure it is said to have been similar to Texas Stormproof, having 
large bolls, lint of medium length, and large white seeds. The sample from which 
the following measurements were taken Avas nearly half "staple" cotton. It was 
grown at Terrell, Tex., in 1904. 

Bolls per jxmnd, 84; seeds per pound, 3,475; average length of lint, 30 mm. (lj\ 
inches); strength of single libers, 4.5 gms.; per cent of lint, 31. 

Owen. Upiani) L<)\(i-ST.\pi.K (Jroup. 

Texas: Red River County. 

Originator unknown. It is said to have been devel<)i)e(l near Clarksville, Tex. 
Not tested. 

Ozier Big-Boll. Bici-lioi-i. Croup. 

(Also known as Ozier Green-Seed.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 40. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Mississii)pi Bulletin (52; Twelflli and Thirteentli Annual 
Reports. 

See Russell. 
1g:{ 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



87 



Ozier Long-Staple, or Ozier Silk. Upland Lono-Staple Group. 

Ala])ania Bulletins 76, 140. Arkansas First and Second Annual Reports. Mis- 
si8sip])i Third Annual Report. North Carolina Tenth Annual Report. South Caro- 
lina Bulletin 1, old series; First and Second Annual Reports. 

See Stearns. 
Parker. 

Alabama: Conecuh County. 

Arkansas: Cleburne County. 

Georgia: Campbell and Spalding counties. 

Louisiana: East Feliciana, Grant, Iberville, Pointe Coupee, Tensas, and West Fe- 
liciana parishes. 

Oklahoma: Pottawattomie County. 

Texas: Ellis, Gonzales, Hill, Hood, Knox, Madison, McMuden, Montgomery, Wash- 
ington, Wilson, and Wharton counties. 

Alabama Bulletins 1.30, 140. Mississippi Bulletin 87. Congressional Cotton Seed 
Distribution Leaflets for 1903 and 1904. 

A Mississippi cotton not belonging to any particular group. It was formerly grown 
by John M. Parker on his plantation at Maxime, Miss., but the stock has recently 




Fig. 40. — Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Ozier Big-Boll cotton in cultiva- 
tion, as reported in 1907. 

become mixed with Black Rattler and other varieties and no pure Parker seed can be 
obtained. At Maxime, Miss., it yielded a staple of good length classed as "Benders," 
but when grown in a drier climate away from the Mississippi River the staple was 
rarely over an inch in length. Plant rather tall and slender, with 1 to 3 long limbs, 
and slender, fairly short jointed fruiting branches; leaves of medium size; bolls 
small, 3, 4, and 5 locked; lint of medium length; seeds medium in size, fuzzy, gray 
or greenish gray. 

The sample from which the following measurements were taken was grown by the 
Department of Agriculture in Waco, Tex. 

Bolls per pound, 9(); seeds per pound, 3,800; average length of lint, 25.5 mm. 
(1 inch); strength of single fibers, 5.2 gms.; per cent of lint, 30. 

Parker Long-Staple. Upland Lono-Staple Group. 

Mississippi: Lauderdale Coimty. 

Developed by Lott Parker, of Increase, Miss., from a long-staple cotton of unknown 
origin. Plant not seen; bolls of good size; lint fairly long, fine, and silky; seeds of 
medium size, fuzzy, gray and brownish gray. 

Bolls per poimd, 65; seeds per pound, 3,750; average length of lint, 34 mm. (1|^ 
inches), varying from 30 to 36 mm.; strength of single fibers, 4.8 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 28.3. 

163 



88 VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

Park's Own. Early Gkoup. 

Alabama: Tallapoosa County. 

Mississippi: Smith County. 

Louisiana: West Feliciana Parish. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. 

A mixtures of Kin<>; and Russell grown by George W. Park, Alexander City, Ala. 
Bolls of good size, lint of medium length, seeds medium to small, fuzzy, brownish 
and greenish gray. 

Bolls per i)ound, 65^; seeds per pound, 4,860; average length of lint, 25 mm. (|?j 
inch), varying from 22 to 28 mm.; strength of single fibers, (5.8 gms. ; per cent of 
lint, 35. 
Patton's Round-Boll. Bic.-Boll Stormproof Group. 

Developed about eight years ago by selection by a Mr. Patton, of Montague County, 
Tex. It has been improved and culled by Frank Mauldiii, Sunset, Tex. 

Bolls larg(>, rouutl, easily picked, but stormproof; lint of medimn length, percentage 
good. 




Fig. 41.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Peeler cotton in eullivalion, iis 

repoi't,('(l in 191)7. 

Peabody Prolific. IJic-Boi.i, (iuoip. 

South Carolina: Sumter County. 

Origin unknown. The plant is described as large and vigorous, bolls oi good size, 
and the per cent of lint about 32. Not tested. 

Peach-Bloom. 

Mississip{)i: Lssaquena (bounty. 

Originator unknown. Not tested. 
Peake. Pktehkin Group. 

See Hall. 
Pearce. 

.North Carolina Tenth Annual Report. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, 
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Tested by the North Carolina station in 1887. The yield of lint is given as 32.19 
])er cent. The seed was obtained from T. J. King. Louisburg, N. C. Not now grown. 

Peebles Choice. ' Peterkin Group. 

Louisiana: East and West Feliciana parishes. 

Mississipj)i: Wilkinson County. 

This variety was developed from a single plant of superior quality found about 
fifteen years ago in a field of Peterkin by L. W. Peebles, of Laurel Hill, La. It has 
since been selected for earliness, prolificacy, and length of staple. Mr. Peebles 
states that until about eight years ago this variety was known as Peebles Irene. 

1G3 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



89 



Plant tall growing with a strong tendency toward the semicluster habit; limbs often 
absent; fruiting branches of medium length below, short and irregularly jointed 
above;'leaves of medium size; bolls small in size; seeds nearly naked or covered with 
a sparse short fuzz, a longer tuft at the small end. 

Bolls per pound, 105; seeds per pound, 6,480; average length of lint, 23 mm. (|| 
inch); strength of single fibers, 6 gms.; per cent of lint, 33. 
Peeler. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 41. 

Alabama Bulletins 33, 40, 52, 56, 107, 140. Louisiana Bulletins 22, 26, 27, old 
series; 8, 16, new series. Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 50. Bulletin 33, Office of Experi- 
ment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

An old variety said to have originated in Warren County, Miss., about 1864. It 
is not grown as extensively as formerly but is still popular in some parts of Mississippi. 

Plants of medium height; limbs 2 to 3, sometimes none, coming out 5 to 6 inches 
above the ground, making the plants somewhat long shanked; fruiting branches 
slender, joints of medium length; bolls small, 3, 4, and 5 locked; lint long, fine, and 
silky, cotton matted in the lock, percentage low; seeds medium in size, covered by a 
sparse fuzz or partly naked. 

The following measurements were obtained from a sample grown in Waco, Tex., 
by the Department of Agriculture: 

Bolls per poiuid, 121; seeds per pound, 3,950; average length of lint, 35 mm. (1| 
inches); strength of single fibers, 4.1 gms.; per cent of lint, 26.5. 




Fig. 42.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Peerless fotton in cultivation, as 

reported in 1907. 

Peelers. 

A name given by cotton buyers to a class of long-staple cotton grown near the Mis- 
sissippi River in Louisiana, Arkansas, and Mississippi. The variety Peeler formerly 
made up a considerable part of this class. 

Peerless. Semicluster Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 42. 

Alabama Bulletins 5, 12, 13, 16, 22, 33, 34, 40, 52, 56, 71, 76, 89, 101, 107, 140. Ala- 
bama (Canebrake) Bulletins 7, 11, 14, 18, 22; Twelfth and Thirteenth vVnnual Reports. 
Alabama (Wetumpka) First Annual Report. Arkansas Bulletins 18, 23; First, 
Second, and Third Annual Reports. Georgia Bulletins 11, 16, 20. Louisiana Bulle- 
tins 21, 22, 26, 27, old series; 7, 8, 16, 17, 21, 22, 28, 29, 35, 62, 71, new series, Third 
and Fourth Annual Reports. Mississippi Bulletin 18; Thuxl and Fourth Annual 
Reports. North Carolina Bulletin 146; Tenth Annual Report. Oklahoma Bulletin 
23. South Carolina Bull(>tins I, old series; 18, 42, 120, new series. Texas Bulletins 
34, 40, 45, 50. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Origin unknown. Peerless has been a popular and standard variety for many years, 
but pure seed is now hard to obtain and the variety has been allowed to deteriorate. 

Plants 3 to 4 feet high, pyramidal m shape, limbs 1 to 3, fruiting branches short, 
short and irregularly jointed, about 18 inches long below, shortening to 2 or 3 inches 

163 



90 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



at tho lop oi Iho ])laiit ; bolls small lo iiicdiuiii in size; liiil siimt, ixrccntasjc rather 
low; seeds rather small, fuzzy, greenish or brownish gray. 

Tlic following m( asurements were obtained from a s'ample grown in Waco, Tex., 
by the Department of Agriculture: 

Bolls per i)oim(i, (ii); number of seeds per pound, 4,550; average length of lint, 22 
mm. (I inch); strength of single libers, 5 gms. ; per cent of lint, 31. 

Pelican. 

Oklahoma: Lincoln County. 
Texas: Falls and Franklin counties. 

Described as a small to medium boll cotton rather early in maturity. Not tested. 
The name is perhaj)s a corruption of Peter kin. 

Percy. Uplanu Lon<;-Rtaple Group. 

Mississippi: Washington County. 

Originator unknown. Not tested. 
Perfection. 

Georgia l^ulletin 70. 

Not now grown. It was tested by tho Georgia station in 1905, with the following 
results: 

Bolls per pound, 78; seeds per pound, 5,000; per cent of lint, 34. 1. 




Fig. 4.'?.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Peterkin cotton in cultivation, as 

reported in 1!)()7. 

Perkins. 

Louisiana: East Feliciana Parish. 

Developed from Brannon by R. R. Perkins, Bay wood. La. Plant not seen, bolls 
medium in size, lint of good length, seeds rather small, fuzzy, light greenish gray. 

Bolls per pound, (wl; seeds per pound, 4,360; average length of lint, 2().2 miii. 
(l^V inches), varying from 24 to 28 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.9 gms.; per cent 
of lint, 33.7. 

Perry. Big-Boll Group. 

Georgia: Chattooga County. 

Developed by a Mr. Perry, of Gore, Ga., and said to be an early big-boll cotton. A 
sample obtained from W. G. Watson, Gore, Ga., tested as follows: 

Bolls per pound, 59; seeds per pound, 3,740; length of lint, 24.3 mm. (}| inch), 
varying from 22 to 26 mm. ; strength of single fibers, 5.8 gms. ; per cent of lint, 35.6. 

Peterkin. Peterkin Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 43. 

Alabama Bulletins 13, 16, 22, 33, 34, 40, 52, 56, 63, 76, 89, 101, 107, 130, 13S, 140. 
Alabama (Canebrake) liulletins 11, 14, 18, 22, 23; Twelfth and Thirteenth Annual 

163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 91 

Reports. Alabama (Tuskegee) Bullelin 7. Arkansas P.ulletins 18, 23; First, Second, 
and Third Annual Reports. Georgia Rulletins 11, 47, 56, 59, 6(j, 70, 75, 79. Louisiana 
Bulletins 13, 21, 22, 26, 27, old series; 7, 8, Ki, 17, 21, 22, 28, 29, 35, 47, 62, 71, new 
series; Third and Fourth Annual Reports. ]\Iississip])i Bulletins 18, 23, 62, 79, 83, 
87, 98; Second, Third, Fourth, r:i,ohth. Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fifteenth Annual 
Reports. North Carolina Bulletin 146; State Board of Agriculture Bulletin for Sep- 
tember, 1906; Tenth Annual Report. Oklahoma Bulletin 23 (Pelican). South Caro- 
lina Bulletins 1, old series; 2, 18, 42, 120, new series. Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 50. 
Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

A standard variety developed by J. A. Peterkin, Fort Motte, Orangeburg County, 
S. C. This variety and its many derivatives are considered preeminent for poor, 
droughty land and hard conditions of culture. 

Mr. Peterkin states that he obtained the seed from a man named Jackson who came 
to South Carolina shortly after the war, bringing the seed with him . This man claimed 
to have obtained the seed in the "back part of Texas," and from its resemblance to 
the old Rio Grande cotton it is supposed to have had the same origin. Mr. Peterkin 
has grown the cotton for about forty years and has gradually changed it from a smooth 
black seed to a fuzzy seed. 

Plant slender in growth, limbs 1 to 3, fruiting branches long, slender, and somewhat 
drooping, with almost no tendency toward the semicluster habit, joints rather long 
and plant later in maturity than many small-boll cottons; bolls medium to small, 
70 per cent 5-locked, opening widely but cotttm retained fairly well during storms; 
lint of medium length, wiry and strong; seeds small, covered with a short, brownish 
gray fuzz, a small percentage smooth and black. 

Bolls per pound, 82^; seeds per pound, 5,300; average length of lint, 21.8 mm. (| 
inch), varying from 20 to 23 mm.; average strength of fibers, 5.8 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 39.6. " 

Peterkin New Cluster. Peterkin Group. 

(Also known as Peterkin Limb Cluster.) 

Georgia Bulletins 16, 20. Louisiana Bulletins 21, 22, 28, 29, 35. Mississippi Bulle- 
tin 23. Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 50. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, 
U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Not now grown. Said to be similar to Peterkin except that the bolls were somewhat 
clustered. Developed by J. A. Peterkin, P'ort Motte, S. C. 

Peter's Prolific. Early Group. 

A strain of King, or Sugar-Loaf. E. S. Peters, of Calvert, Tex., states that this cotton 
has been grown at Calvert and selected for boll-weevil conditions for several years. 

Plant similar to Sugar-Loaf, bolls small, lint short, seeds rather small, fuzzy, brown- 
ish gray. The sample from which the following measurements were taken was grown 
at Waco, Tex., in 1907. 

Bolls per pound, 108; seeds per pound, 4,440; average length of lint, 22.3 mm. (| 
inch), varying from 19 to 27 mm.; per cent of lint, 32. 

Petit Gulf. 

Distribution: See map, figure 44. 

Alabama Bulletins 33, 40, 52, 56, 76, 107, 140. Arkansas Third Annual Report. 
Louisiana Bidletins 21, 22, 26, 27, old series; 7, 8, 16, 17, 22, 28, new series; Third 
and Fourth Annual Reports. Mississip})i Bulletins 18, 23; Third and Fourth Annual 
Reports. Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 50. Bull-etin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, 
I*. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Formerly grown extensively in many parts of the cotton belt, but for many j-ears 
Y>iire seed has been impossible to obtain and the variety has practically disappeared 
from cultivation, the cotton still grown and reported under this name being a mixture 
of various types. Petit Gulf was developed about 1840 by Col. H. W. Vick, of 
Mississippi, and by 1846 it had become very popular. Large quantities of seed were 
sold for planting purposes and were shipped from Petit Gulf, a small shipping point 
on the Mississippi River below the present city of A'icksburg. 

The plant was described as large and straggling, late in maturity, with three or more 
limbs and long, slender fruiting branches, long jointed; leaves medium in size; bolls 
rather small, lint of fair length; seeds of medium size, mostly fuzzy, brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 70 to 80; seeds per pound, 4,200; length of lint, | to IJ inches; per 
cent of lint, 30 to 32. 

163 



92 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Phillips. Petkrkin Group. 

Georgia: Clarko County. 

South Carolina: Bamberg, Colletin, and Orangeburg count icB. 

A strain of Peterkin devel()})ed by J. L. Philli])s, Orangeburg, S. C. Probably not 
distinct from Peterkin. The percentage of lint is from 38 to 40. Not tested. 

Piester's Stormproof. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

(Also known as Piester's Imi)roved and Piester's Five-Lock.) 

Texas: Parker County. 

Originated by J. G. Piester, Weatherford, Tex., who states that he obtained this 
variety by (Tossing selected j)lants of Texas Stormproof on Poor Man's Relief. The 
cotton obtained was selected for several years and a large-boll, stormproof cotton was 
fixed. 

Bolls per pound, 53; seeds per pound, 3,420; average length of lint, 24 mm. (ff inch), 
varying from 22 to 28 mm.; strength of single fibers, (5.3 gms.; per cent of lint, 35.3. 








Fig. 44.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Petit Gulf cotton in cultivation, 

as reported in 1907. 

Pineapple. 

Georgia Bulletin 39. 

Not now grown. Tested in 1897 by the Georgia station, with the following results: 
Bolls per pound, 72; seeds i)er pound, 4,762; per cent of lint, 35.3. Seed was 
obtained from J. W. Farney, Monterey, Ala. 

Pink-Bloom. 

Mississippi: Marion County. 

Tennessee: Giles County. 

Originator unknown. Not tested. 
Pinkerton, or Pinkerton's Select. Peterkin Group. 

Alabama: Covington, Lamar, and Tuscaloosa counties. 

Georgia: Baker County. 

Mississippi: Attala and Choctaw counties. 

North Carolina: Brunswick, Gaston, and Green counties. 

South Carolina: .Anderson and Orangeburg counties. 

Texas: San Saba and Wise counties. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. Georgia Bulletin 43. 

A strain of Peterkin developed by H. R. Pinkerton, Eatonton, Ga. Plants similar 
to Peterkin; bolls medium in size; seeds rather small, fuzzy, brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 87; seeds per pound, 4,530; average length of lint, 25 mm. (| \ inch) 
strength of single fibers, 5.5 gms. ; per cent of lint, 37. 

163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 93 

Pittman's Extra- ProLiiic. Semicluster Group. 

Georgia Bulletins 16, 20. Mississippi Sixth Annual Report. Bulletin 33, Office 
of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agricultiu-e. 

Not now gi'own. This variety was tested by the Georgia Experiment Station in 1892 
and was described as " a tall-gi'owing variety with short laterals and clustered , medium- 
sized bolls." Originator unknown. 

Plains Improved. Early Group. 

Texas: Crosby County. 

Developed by J. R. Bolinger, of Cone, Tex. It is a cross between King and Ounce- 
Boll and is said to be especially suited to the plains region of western Texas. Plant 
not seen. 

Bolls per pound, 78; seeds per pound. 4,000; average length of lint, 22.7 mm. (|| 
inch), varying from 17 to 26 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.7 gms.; per cent of lint, 
32.1. 

Podgett's Improved. 

South Carolina: Colletin County. 

Developed by J. C. Podgett, Williams, S. C. Not tested. 

Pollock. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agiiculture. 

Not now grown. It was developed by W. A. Pollock, formerly of Greenville, Miss., 
by crossing Peerless and an unknown variety of long-staple cotton. 

Pool. 

Georgia: Greene County. 
Originator ini known. Not tested. 

Poor Man's Friend. 

Arkansas: Lee County. 

Louisiana: Tensas Parish. 

Mississippi: Adams and Bolivar counties. 

South Carolina: York County. 

Tennessee: Crockett County. 

Mississippi Bulletin 62; Sixth and Eighth Annual Reports. 

Probably a Peterkin cotton. Tested in 1893 by the Mississippi station, where it 
yielded the largest amount of seed cotton of the varieties tested. In some parts of 
Louisiana and Mississippi the Brannon cotton is known as Poor Man's Friend. 

Poor Man's Pride. 

Arkansas: Lafayette County. 
Originator unknown. 

Poor Man's Relief. Early Group. 

Missouri: Pemiscot County. 

Tennessee: Obion County. 

Mississippi Bulletin 18; Fourth Annual Report. Bulletin 33. Office of Experiment 
Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Originator unknown. It is described as an early, small-boll cotton yielding 33 to 
35 per cent of lint, easily picked but wasting badly during storms. It is probably a 
strain of King. 

Popcorn. Upland Lono-Staple Group. 

Mississippi: Leflore County. 
A "Bender" variety grown near Cude, Miss. Originator unknown. Not tested. 

Pore's Big-Boll. 

Arkansas: Independence County. 
Originator unknown. Not tested. 
163 



94 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Pride of Georgia. V>Ui-\U,i.L (lnoir. 

Distribution: Sec map, figure 45. 

Alabama l?ullctins 130. 138, 140. Georgia Bulletins 39, 75, 79. rongrcssional Cot- 
ton Seed l)i.slributi(Mi Leaflets for 1904 and 1906. 

Develoi)(><l from Jones Improved by J. F. Jones, of Hogansville, Ga. It is tliere- 
fore a strain of Wvche and retains many of the good (jualities of this standard variety, 
and in addition is somewhat earlier in maturity, tin? joints of the fruiting branches 
being shorter and inclined to semicluster slightly, while the; bollsare somewhat smaller. 
The following measurements were taken from a sample grown at the Georgia E.xper- 
iment iStalion in 1907: 



inc 
33.1 



Bolls per pound, fiSJ; seeds per pound, 3,700; average length of lint, 24.2 mm. (f^ 
ch), varying from 22 to 27 mm.; strength of single; fibers, (5.1 gms.; per cent of lint, 



Pride of Louisiana. 
Louisiana: Caddo Parish. 
A strain of Allen developed by D. F. Barr, Vivian, La 



Upland Lonc-St.vi'lk Group. 

Not tested. 




Fig. 45.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Pride of Georgia cotton in culti- 
vation, as reported in 1907. 

Pride of the Valley. Bio-Bcjll Stormpkoof Group. 

Texas: Fannin County. 

A strain of ^^'oodall selected by Henry Morrison, Savoy, Tex. 
Prize. 

Sec Lewis Prize. 



Ptomey Champion. 

Alabama: Cleburne County. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. 

Originated by J. W. Ptomey, Forest Home, Ala. Plan 
growth; bolls small; seeds fuzzy, gray and brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 91; seeds per pound, 4,550; average lenglli 
inch); strength of single fibers, 4.5 gms.; per cent of lint, 32. 

Pulnott, or Pnllnott. 

Distribution: See map, figure 46. 
Alabama Bulletins 130, 138, 140. 
Originated by William Pulnott 



Sk-mici.i sti;r Group. 



eniiclusi 



liabit of 
I' lint. 21 mm. (f| 

Big-Boll (<roup. 



Georgia Bulletins 56, 03, 66, 70, 75, 79. 
formerly of High Shoals, Oconee County, Ga. 
Pulnott has been a popular variety in northeastern (Georgia for many years, but it is 
now being superseded to some extent by Cook's Improved and especially by Long- 
Shank. It ia well suited to poor, worn-out lands, but does not become "weedy" 
when grown on rich soil, and is as nearly a general-purpose cotton as Peterkin. 
103 



DESCKIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



95 



Plant stocky and compact in growth, with 1 to 3 limbs; fruiting branches rather short 
and irregularly jointed, the lower branches 18 inches long, the upper shortening to 2 or 
3 inches; leaves of medium size, bolls large; 66 per cent 5-locked; lint of medium 
length; seeds medium in size, fuzzy, brownish or greenish gray. 

The following measurements were obtained from a sample of this variety grown at 
the Georgia Experiment Station in 1907: 

Bolls per pound, 58; seeds per pound, 3,810; average length of lint, 22.7 mm. (}| 
inch), varying from 21 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.9 gms.; per cent of lint, 
35.1. 

Purple-Bloom. Early Group. 

Arkansas: Pope Goimty. 

This variety is said to be an early, sniall-l)oll cotton, with a good j)ercentage of lint. 
It is perhaps a local name for King. Not tested. 

Queen of Africa. Bici-BoLL Stormproof Group. 

See Rowden. 




Fig. 46.- 



-Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Pulnott, or Pullnott, cotton in 
cultivation, as reported in 1907. 



Rameses, or Baker's Barneses. Early Group. 

Alabama Bulletins 5, 12, 13, 16, 33, 56, 107, 140; Report for 1881-82. Alabama 
(Canebrake) Bulletins 7, 11, 14. Bulletin 33. Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. 
Dept. of Agricidtiu'e. 

Not now grown. Tested about twenty years ago by several stations and described 
as a prolific, long-branched cotton; bolls round in shape, 83 per pound; per cent of 
lint, 27 to 29; lint short, from i to § inch in length. Originator unknown. 

Ramsey. Early Group. 

Arkansas: Grant County. 

Texas: Van Zandt County. 

A cross between King and Texas Stormproof developed by W. T. Ramsey, Canton, 
Tex. Bolls of good size; lint rather short; seeds fuzzy, light brownish or greenish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 62; seeds per pound, 3,600; average length of lint, 22.4 mm. (| 
inch), varying from 20 to 24 mm.; strength of single fibers, 7.2 gms.; per cent of lint, 
33.9. 

Ransom's Early. Early Group. 

Mississippi: Grenada County. 

Originated by E. M. Ransom, Grenada, Miss., by selection for earliness. Plant 
not seen; bolls rather small ; lint of fair length ; seeds small, fuzzy, greenish or brownish 
gray. 

Bolls per pound, 82^; seeds per pound, 4,700; average length of lint, 24.5 mm. (|^ 
inch), varying from 22 to 27 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.8 gms.; per cent of lint, 
32.8. 

163 



96 VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

Ratterree's Favorite. 

Arkansas: Lincoln County. 

A very distinct variety found in 1898 by W. J. Ratterree in his field cotton at Garnett, 
Ark. It is similar to the intermediate plants obtained when Okra cotton is crossed 
with an ordinary U[)land variety. Mr. Ratterree supposes it to be a form of Texas 
Oak or Peterkin. which he was growing at the time, but Okra cotton has not, hitherto, 
been found in Peterkin. 

Plants of medium heiirht, with 1 to 3 limbs and fairly short jointed fruiting branches; 
leaves cleft to within one-half inch of the base into 3 to .5 very smooth lanceolate lobes; 
petioles and branches nearly glabrous; young shoots hairy; flowers creamy white, with- 
out petal spots; bolls medium in size; seeds small, nearly smooth, and black except a 
tuft of brownish gray fuzz at one end. 

Bolls per pound, 68; seeds per pound, 4,940; averag(! length of lint, 23.8 mm ([| 
inch), varying from 22 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, (i.2 gms.; per cent of lint, 
32..'). 

Rattlesnake. 

Formerly grown in Tensas Parish, La. Originator unknown. 

Reaves's Select. Early Group. 

South Carolina: Marion County. 

A strain of King, or Sugar-Loaf, developed by C. M. Reaves, Mullins, S. C., and said 
to yield nearly 40 per cent of lint. Not tested. \ 

Red African. 

Texas: San Saba County. 

Originator unknown. Not tested. 
Red Rustproof. 

South Carolina: Lee County. 

Originator unknown. Not tested. A red rustproof cotton was also rei)orted from 
Texas. 

Red-Shank. Bio-Boll Group. 

A large-boll variety formerly grown in Kaufman County, Tex. The i)lant in habit 
of growth was typical of the big-boll group, but the limbs and branches, petioles, and 
peduncles were dark red, the leaves green, involucre reddish green, and the immature 
bolls r(>d exc(>pt where shaded by the flowers; involucre creamy white. Red-Shank 
differed from Willet Red- Leaf in being a big-boll cotton and in having green leaves 
and clear creamy white flowers. 

Lint of good length; seeds large, fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls per pound, 02; seeds per pound, 2,835; average length (jf lint, 25.5 mm. (1 
inch); strength of single fibers, 6.4 gms.; per cent of lint, 31. 

Reed Prolific. liir.-BoLL Group. 

Arkansas: Marion County. 

Originated by E. T. and S. J. Reed, further selections having been made by the 
latter at Comal, Ark. It is described as a large-boll cotton, 60 bolls per pound, with 
lint over an inch long. Not tested. 

Reeve. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Mississippi: Bolivar County. 

Developed by George P. Reeve, Vicksburg, Miss. It is described as a medium to 
large boll, 5-locked cotton, producing a line, silky lint from ly'.y to 1^ inches in length. 
Not tested. 

Reliable. liui-BoLL Group. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletins 66, 70, 75. 

Not reported in 1907. This variety was tested by the Georgia station in 1903—1, 
with the following average results: 

Bolls per pound, 57i; seeds per pound, 3,125; per cent of lint, 34. Seed was 
obtained from E. S. Rakestraw, La Grange, Ga. 

Rich Man's Pride. Peterkin Group. 

Georgia: Clarke and Troup counties. 

Louisiana: Bossier Parish. ' • 

163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



97 



Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 66. 

A variety related to Bate's Little Brown-Seed developed by E. W. Bond, formerly 
of Winterville, Ga. 

Plant forming a low, compact bush, early in maturity, limbs 1 to 3, fruiting branches 
short jointed but not semiclustered ; leaves small, thick, dark green, and somewhat 
glossy; bolls very small, 3, 4, and 5 locked; lint of medium length; percentage very 
high; seeds small, covered with a short, light-brown fuzz; cotton wasting badly during 
storms. Ginners state that this cotton is very hard to gin, the seeds being very small 
and the lint strongly attached. 

Bolls per pound, 120; seeds per pound, 6,000; average length of lint, 22 mm. (|inch); 
strength of single fibers, 5 gms.; per cent of lint, 36 to 42. 

Richardson, or Richardson's Improved. 

South Carolina Bulletin 1, old series; First and Second Annual Reports. 
An old variety reported only from Hyde County, N. C. Originator unknown. Not 
tested . 

Rio Grande. 

Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 
Probably not now in cultivation. It was a small-boll variety, yielding a high per- 
centage of lint, and was closely related to the Peterkin cottons of to-day. 




Fig. 47. — Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Rogers, or Rogers Big-Boll, cotton 
in cultivation, as reported in 1907. 

Roach Big-BoU. 

A local variety grown in Collin County, Tex. Not tested. 
Roberts, or Strahan. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

Texas: Bosque, Coryell, Falls, Haskell, Knox, McLennan, and Tarrant counties. 

Tennessee: "VMiite County. 

Developed by selection from Myers and Bohemian by Messrs. Roberts and Strayhan, 
of Rosenthal, McLennan County, Tex. 

A stormproof cotton quite similar to Rowden, but later in maturity. Plants large 
and \'igorous, fruiting branches rather long jointed, leaves large; bolls large, the 
majority 5-locked; lint of medium length, strong; seeds large, fuzzy, light brownish 
gray or nearly white. 

Bolls perpound, 52; seeds per pound, 3,000; average length of lint, 25 mm. (|Hnch); 
strength of single fibers, 6.9 gms.; per cent of lint, 33. 

Robinson. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

Texas: Milan County. 

Developed by T. P. Robinson, Bartlett, Tex., by selection from stormproof cottons. 
Bolls large, about 50 per pound; seeds very large; per cent of lint, about 33.3. Not 
tested. 

11500— Bui. 163—10 7 



98 VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

Rockett Favorite. 

Louisiana lUilletins IG, 21, 29. 

Not now grown. Tested by the Louisiana station about fifteen years ago, the 
average per cent of lint, 32.6 and 34.3, only being reported. Seed from J. C. Rockett, 
Farmersviile, La. 

Roe Early. 

Louisiana Bulletins 22, 28. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U . S. Dept. 
of Agriculture. 

Not reported in 1907. Tested by the Louisiana station in 1893. The percentage 
only is reported, 29. 

Rogers, or Rogers Big-Boll. Big-Boll Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 47. 

Alabama lUiUetins 138, 140. South (^arolina Bulletin 2; First and Second Aruiual 
Reports. Congressional Cotton Seed Distribution Leaflet for 1906. 

Originated by R. IL Rogers, Darlington, S. C, from a mixture of Jones, Jowers, 
and Ilerlong. 

Plant strong growing and stocky, medium to late in maturity, with 1 to 3 heavy 
limbs, and fruiting branches fairly short jointed with a slight tendency toward the 




Fig. 48.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Rosser No. 1 cotton in cultiva- 
tion, as reported in 1907. 

semicluster habit; bolls round or with a blunt apex, the majority 5-locked, medium to 
large in size; fairly stormproof; lint of medium length and percentage; seeds large, 
fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls per pound, 52; seeds per pound, 3,150; average length of lint, 23.6 mm. (f;': 
inch), varying from 22 mm. to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.5 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 32. 

Rosser No. 1. 

l)i.stril)ution: See map, figure 48. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 70. 

When first tested this commercial variety proved to be an almost "raw" mixture 
of King and some big-boll cotton, but the two types have become somewhat assimi- 
lated, so that it is now a small to medium boll cotton intermediate between the early 
and big-boll groups. The following measurements were obtained from a sample 
grown at Waco, Tex.: 

Bolls per pound, 87; seeds per pound, 4,100; average length of lint, 22.4 mm. to 
26 mm. ( J to l^'^ inches); strength of single fibers, 5.5 gms. ; per cent of lint, 31. 

Round-Boll. 

(Also known as the Wilkinson or Walston Round-Boll.) 
North Carolina: Edgecomb, Greene, and Wayne counties. 

Originator unknown. It is described as a medium-sized, round-boll cotton, yielding 
from 35 to 40 per cent of lint. 



DESCKIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



99 



Rowden. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

(Also known as African Queen.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 49. 

Alabama Bulletins 138, 140. 

A standard variety which has become, perhaps, the most popular cotton grown in 
Texas. It was developed from Bohemian cotton by the Rowden Brothers, Wills 
Point, Van Zandt County, Tex. The seed was first obtained by H. H. Carmack, of 
Wills Point, in the fall of 1897 when traveling through the bottoms of the Sulphur 
Fork about 50 miles north of Van Zandt County. Mr. Carmack states that he found 
an excellent variety in cultivation on the bottom land and obtained a couple of bolls 
of the grower, who told him it was the Bohemian cotton. These bolls were given to 
Mr. Rowden, who was then a renter on the Carmack farm, and the Rowden cotton was 
developed from them. By a mistake Mr. Rowden supposed the seed to be of Florida 
origin. 

Rowden cotton is medium early in maturity and is well adapted to the weevil con- 
ditions of Texas. Plants vigorous, but stocky in growth; limbs stout, 1 to 3; fruiting 
branches from 2 feet at the base to 6 inches at the top in length; joints regular and of 
medium length, the branches and usually the whole plant drooping beneath the 
weight of maturing bolls, which hang downward when ripe, the locks of cotton cling- 
ing together in a single mass, which hangs down beneath the open boll, protected by 




FiG.49.- 



-Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Rowden cotton in cultivation, as 
reported in 1907. 



the broad segments of the bur and the large involucre, the locks clinging to the bur 
more than is the case with varieties lacking stormproof qualities; cotton easily picked; 
bolls large, the majority 5-locked; lint of medium length; seeds large, fuzzy, grayish 
white. 

Bolls per pound, 49i; seeds per pound, 3,360; average length of lint, 24 mm. (|| 
inch), varving from 23 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.3 gms.; per cent of lint, 
35.4. 

Rublee. Semicluster Group. 

(Also known as " Rublee 's Leafless Anti-Boll- Weevil Cotton.") 

Texas: Collin, Dallas, Titus, and Wood counties. 

Developed by C. A. Rublee, Seago, Tex. This variety is claimed to be early 
maturing and defoliate and to be especially suited to boll-weevil conditions. 

Plant semicluster in habit of growth, resembling Hardin, imperfectly defoliate, 
many plants retaining their leaves and putting on squares late in the fall, bolls 
medium to small in size, lint short, seeds medium in size, fuzzy, light greenish or 
brownish gray. 

The following measurements were made from a sample of seed cotton obtained 
from Mr. Rublee 's farm in 1907. The bolls are probably smaller than usual on 
account of the very dry season. 

163 



100 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Bolls per pound, 96^; seeds per pound, 3,600; average length of lint, 22.3 mm. 
(I inch), varying from 18 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.3 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 33. 

Ruralist. Big-Boll Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 50. 

Alabama Bulletin 1-10. 

A variety introduced by J. F. Merriam, editor of the Southern Rurali,st. It is the 
old Texas Bur variety renamed and said to have been culled of its impurities. 

See Texas Bur fur dcscri{)ti()n. 
Bussell. 1)K;-B()ll Group. 

(Also known as Big-Boll Green-Seed, Ozier Big-Boll, and Green and Gray.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 51. 

Alabama Bulletins 101, 107, 130, 138, 140. Alabama (Canebrake) Bulletins 22, 23. 
xVlabama (Tuskegee) Bulletin 7. Alabama (Wetumpka) First Annual Report. 
Georgia Bulletins 43, 47, 52, 56, 59, 63, 66, 79. J.ouisiana Bulletins (i2, 71. IMissis- 
sippi Bulletins 79, 84, 87, 88, 98; Fifteenth and Seventeenth Annual Repcjrts. North 
Carolina State Board of Agriculture Bulletin for September, 1906. South Carolina 
Bulletin 120. Congressional Cotton Seed Distribution Leaflets for 1902 and 1904. 




Fig. 50.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Ruralist cotton in cultivation, as 

reported in 1907. 

A Standard variety originated in 1895 from a single stalk of cotton found by the 
late J. T. Russell, of Alexander City, Ala., in his field of cotton. Mr. Russell was 
growing an impure strain of Truitt at the time and sui)posed this plant to have been 
a cross between Truitt and Allen Long-Staple. It bears no resemblance to the latter 
variety, however, and it seems more probable that it was a sport or mutation from 
Truitt. Duggar« suggests that Russell may be identical with Bancroft's Herlong, 
but while the color of the seed is quite similar to the latter the general habit of the 
j)lant is less semiclustered and resembles Truitt more closely. The bolls are distinct 
in shape from either Truitt or Herlong. Since Mr. Russell's death the seed of this 
variety has been in charge of S. J. Thornton, of Alexander City. 

Plant large growing, vigorous, with 1 to 3 stout limbs; fruiting liranches 2 feet long 
y)elow, 6 to"8 inches long at the top of the stalk; joints of medium length; leaves large; 
bolls large, 4 to 5 loc-ked, fairly stormproof, the shell very thick, making the boUa 
somewhat less liable to injury by insects; lint of good length, percentage rather low; 
seeds large, covered by a dark-green fuzz. The color of the fuzz is objectionable, 
making a poor grade of'linters and sometimes, if the seed is ginned too close, injuring 
the lint sam[)le by discoloring it. 

The following "measurements were made from a sample of this variety grown at 
Auburn, Ala., in 1907: 



oDuggar, J 
163 



F Bulletin 140, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, p. 64. 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



101 



Bolls per pound, 56J; seeds per pound, 3,100; average length of lint, 24.9 mm. (|i 
inch), varying from 23 to 27 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.5 gms.; per cent of lint, 
30.9. 

Sandy Land Staple. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Arkansas: Miller County. 

Texas: Cass County. 

A long-staple cotton which is said to be especially suited to rather poor, sandy 
uplands. It is probably the same as Boozer. 

Schley. Big-Boll Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 52. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 138, 140. Georgia Bulletins 47, 52, 5(5, 59, 63, (iG, 70, 75, 
79. Mississippi Bulletins 88, 98. 

A strain of Jones Improved selected by the Georgia Experiment Station and named 
in honor of Admiral Schley. Mr. Kimbrough, manager of the experiment farm, states 
that in the tests conducted at the station Jones Improved showed evident signs of 
deterioration and this selection was made in order to preserve the good qualities of 
the variety. 




Fig. "il.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Russell cotton in cultiyation, 

as reported in 1907. 

Plant similar to Jones Improved, bolls medium to large, lint short, percentage good, 
seeds large, fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls per pound, 63; seeds per pound, 3,640; average length of lint, 23 mm. (|S inch), 
varying from 21 to 26 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.9 gms.; per cent of lint, 36.4. 

Schooley. 

Formerly grown extensively in Lancaster County, S. C. Not reported in 1907. 
Originator unknown. 

Scogin ProHfic. Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 59. 

Not reported in 1907, and probably not in cultivation. Tested bj' the Georgia 
station in 1907, with the following results: 

Bolls per pound, 68; seeds per pound, 3,500; per cent of lint, 33.3. It was devel- 
oped by J. T. Scogin, Grantville, Coweta County, Ga., from a mixture of Wyche and 
Culpepper. 

Scroggins Prolific. Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama Bulletin 107. 

Not now grown. Developed by J. T. Scroggins, Luthersville, Ga., and tested by 
the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station in 1890, with the following results: 

Bolls per pound, 64; seeds per pound, 3,200; per cent of lint, 31.9. 

163 



102 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND ("OTTON. 

I I'LANl) I.ONC-StAI'LK (iROUP 



Sego. 

Louisiana: Madison Parish. 

A local strain of Eureka (Keuo) develojHHl by sclcciidn l)y a iMr. ^v^o, <<i iMuk- 
port, La. 

The plant is similar to Keno, but earlier in niaturily ; bolls niediuni in .size; lint fine 
and silky, 1^^^ inches in length, per cent, 27.7. 

Senegambia. Bic-Uoli. (Iuoup. 

Alabama: llale County. 

A large-boll, late variety, yielding 33 per cent of lint, medium in length. This 
variety is said to be one of the parents of Woodfin's Nonpareil. Originator unknown. 

Sentells Cluster. 

Cieorsiia: Chattooga County. 
Originator unknown. Not tested. 
Shanghai. Semiclustek Group. 

Georgia: Putnam County. 
A corruption of Shank-High. See Long-Shank. 




Fig. 52.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Schley cotton in cultivation, as 

reported in 1907. 

Shank-High. Semiclustek Group. 

Georgia Bulletin 79. 

See Long-Shank. 
Shaw. • Upland Lonc-Staple Group. 

Texas: Fannin County. 

Originator unknown. A medium long-staple variety })roiighf to Fannin County 
from Red River County, Tex. Not tested. 

Sheepnose. Big-Boll Group. 

Arkansas: Conway and Logan counties. 

Oklahoma : Ponteloe and Pottawatomie counties. 

Originator unknown. A poynilar variety where grown. It is descriVjed as an early, 
large-boll cotton, mostly 5-locked, the bolls very round and with no sharp points on 
the burs. It is probably the same as Jat'kson Round-Boll. Not tested. 

Shield's Early. Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama: Dekalb and Marshall counties. 

Developed by David Shields, Albertvillo, Ala. This variety is described as early 
in maturity, with large, 5-locked bolls, which open well, making the cotton easy to 
jMck; seeds large, fuzzy, light brownish or greenish gray. 

163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



loa 



Bolls per pound, 59; seeds per pound, 3,660; average length of lint, 24.4 mm. (^| 
inch), varying from 22 to 27 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.4 gms.; per cent of lint, 
35.3. 
Shine. Early Group. 

(Also known as Shine's Extra-Early Prolific, Shine's Improved, etc.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 53. 

Alabama Bulletins 76, 107, 130, 138, 140. Arkansas Bulletin 18; First and Third 
Annual Reports.. Georgia Bulletins 52, 63. Louisiana Bulletins 13, 21, 22, 26, 27, 
old series; 8, 16, new series. Mississippi Bulletins 18, 62, 83; Third, Fourth, and 
Thirteenth Annual Reports. North Carolina Bulletin 146; State Board of Agriculture 
Bulletin for September, 1906. South Carolina Bulletins 1, old series; 120, new series; 
First and Second Annual Reports. Congressional Cotton Seed Distribution Leaflet 
for 1904. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Originated by J. A. Shine, Faison, N. C, from a mixture of Miccasooky and Sea 
Island. No trace of Sea Island parentage can be detected in the variety now, and it 
is probably very like the former parent. Shine can be distinguished from King, which 
it closely resembles, by the absence of petal spots. 

Plant slender in growth and quite pubescent, limbs 1 to 3, fruiting branches close 
together and short jointed, but not semiclustered ; bolls small, cotton wasting badly 




Fig. 53.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Shine cotton in cultivation, as 

reported in 1907. 

during storms; lint short; seeds small, fuzzy, brownish gray. This variety has been 
highly recommended for boll-weevil regions, but the bolls are too small and are lack- 
ing in stormproof qualities. 

The following measurements were obtained from a sample grown at the Alabama 
station in 1907 : 

Bolls per pound, 82J; seeds per pound, 4,940; average length of lint, 22.2 mm. 
(finch), varying from 18 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6 gms.; per cent of lint, 
36.4. 

Shoe-Heel. Early Group. 

A variety formerly grown locally in South Carolina. Originator unknown. Proba- 
bly the same as Texas Shoe-Heel. 

Sigler, or Segler. Big-Boll Group. 

See Morning Star. 
Silas. Big-Boll Group. 

Georgia: Wilkinson County. 

Originator unknown. It is described as a large-boll cotton yielding a short staple, 
the per cent of lint about 33.3, early in maturity. 

163 



104 VAEIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

Sinuns. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Arkansas: Stone County. 

Georgia: Coweta County. 

Louisiana: Acadia Parish. 

South Carolina: Aiken, Bamberj;;, Barnwell, Florence, Ilampton, and Orangeburg 
counties. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 140. Georgia Bulletins 56, 59. South Carolina Bulletin 120. 

A Mississippi "staple " cotton which was taken to South Carolina by a cotton buyer. 
Some of the seed was purchased by Mrs. W. G. Simms, of Barnwell, S. C., and the seed 
was sold for some time as Simms Long-Staple, it was renamed by L. A. Stoney, of 
Allendale, Barnwell County, who called it Floradora and advertised the seed widely 
under this name throughout the South. 

Plant quite similar to Allen, rather slender and pyramidal in shape, tall, limbs 1 to 
3, upright in growth, fruiting branches slightly ascending, 2 feet long below, somewhat 
semiclustered; bolls small, pointed; lint of good length, fine and silky; seeds fuzzy, 
light brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 73; seeds per pound, 3,900; average length of lint, 31.7 mm. (1{ 
inches'), varying from 25 to 36 mm.; per cent of lint, 28.9. 

Simpkins's Prolific. Early Group. 

North Carolina: Anson, Beaufort, Gaston, Johnson, Jones, Mecklenburg, Montgom- 
ery, and ^\'ake counties. 

An early variety developed by a selection from King made in 1900 by ^\'. A. Simp- 
kins, Raleigh, N. C. In our test the bolls proved to be somewhat larger than King, 
while the percentage of lint, which is claimed to be much higher as a rule than 
King, was about the same. 

Simpson. 
Alabama: Tallapoosa County. 
Georgia: Campbell and Putnam counties. 
South Carolina First and Second Annual Reports. 
Said to have been originated by James Simpson, Stonewall, Ga. Not tested. 

Simpson's Early. 

Georgia Bulletin 10. South Carolina Bulletin 1, old series. 

Not now gi'own. 
Sinclair. Early Group. 

Originated by Noah Sinclair, formerly of Mackey, Cherokee County, Ala. 

Plant early in maturity, bolls medium in size, per cent of lint, 3."). The seed has 
become impure. 

Smith [Robert]. Peterkin Group. 

Said to have been developed by Robert Smith, formerly of Jones County, Ga. Bolls 
medium in size; seed very small; per cent of lint, 37. Not tested. 

Smith Improved Unknown, or Smith Improved. Big-Boll Group. 

Georgia: Jones and Wilcox counties. 

Alabama Bulletins 101, 107, 140. Georgia Bulletins 39, 43, 59, 66. Mississippi 
Bulletin 62; Twelfth and Thirteenth Annual Reports. Texas Bulletin 50. 

Developed by F. J. Smith, Vinson, Ga., and tested 1)y the Georgia station. The 
average results were: 

Bolls per j)ound, 67; seeds per pound, 3,775; per cent of Imt, 34.7. Not reported 
in 1907. 

Smith's Poor-Land. Peterkin Group. 

Georgia: Madison County. 
See Bates Poor-Land. 
1G3 



DESCEIPTIONS OP VARIETIES. 



105 



Smith's Standard. Big-Boll Group. 

(Also known as Ben Smith and Smith's Choice.) 

Alabama Bulletins 76,140. Georgia Bulletins 16, 20, 56. Louisiana Bulletins 27, 
old series; 8, 16, 22, 28, new series. Mississippi Bulletins 18, 23, 62; Third, Foiu-th, 
Sixth, and Eighth Annual Reports. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, 
IJ. S. Dept. of Agricultm-e. 

Not now grown. It was developed by Ben Smith, Vernon, La. 

Southern Hope. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 54. 

Alabama Bulletins 13, 16, 22, 33, 34, 40, 56, 76, 107, 140. Alabama (Canebrake) 
Bulletin 18; Twelfth Annual Report. Arkansas Bulletin 18; Second Annual Report. 
Georgia Bulletins 11, 20, 24. Louisiana Bulletins 21, 26, old series; 7, 16, 17, 21, 22, 
28, 29, 35, new series. Mississippi Bulletins 18, 23, 62, 98; Third and Fourth Annual 
Reports. South Carolina Bulletins 2, 18; First and Second Annual Reports. Texas 
Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 50. Congressional Cotton Seed Distribution Leaflets for 1905 
and 1906. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 




Fig. 54.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Southern Hope cotton in cultiva- 
tion, as reported in 1907. 

An old variety developed by Col. F. Robiew, of Louisiana. Plant tall, slender in 
growth, with 1 to 3 limbs, fruiting branches quite long and slender, leaves medium 
to small; bolls medium in size, opening well and cotton easy to pick; seeds fuzzy, 
light greenish gray. The sample from which the following measurements were obtained 
was grown at the Louisiana station. Baton Rouge, La. 

Bolls per pound, 73; seeds per pound, 4,160; average length of lint, 31.2 mm. 
(1/2 inches), varying from 27 to 34 mm.; per cent of lint, 31.2. 

Southern Wonder. Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama Bulletins 138, 140. Georgia Bulletin 70. 
Not now grown. It was developed by L. F. Greer, Oxford, Ala. 

Spearman's Choice. Big-Boll Group. 

Georgia: Walton County. , 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 70. 

A strain of Dongola developed by W. B. Spearman, Social Circle, Ga. Plant simi- 
lar to Dongola. Bolls large, lint short, percentage very good. 

Bolls per pound, 53; seeds per pound, 3,840; average length of lint, 21.8 mm. 
(J inch), vai-ying from 19 to 24 mm.; average strength of single fibers, 6.2 gms.; per 
cent of lint, 40.4. 
163 



10() VAKIKTIKS OK AMEKU'AN UPLAND COTTON. 

Speight, or Speight's Prohfic. Buj-Boll Group. 

.\(irth Carolina: tireoiu' and Pitt counties. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. North Carolina State Board of Agriculture Bulletin for 
September, i90G. 

Developed by J. B. Speight, Winterville, N. C. Plant pyramidal in shape, Ihnbs 
1 to ',i, fruiting branches 2^ feet long at base of plant to (i inches in length at top, joints 
of medium length, bolls large, lint short, seeds fuzzy, light greenish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 58; seeds per pound, 3,780; average length of lint, 22.8 mm. 
(11 inch), varying from 21 to 24 mm. ; strength of single fibers, 6.4 gms. ; per cent of lint, 
34^2. 

Spencer. Bic;-Holl Group. 

Alabama: Uale County. 

Developed by W. M. Spencer, Gallion, Ala. Plant not seen. Bolls large; lint of 
medium length, percentage good; seeds large, fuzzy, light brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 47; seeds per pound, 3,065; average length of lint, 25.3 mm. 
(1 inch), A'arying from 22 to 29 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.9 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 35.4. 

Spotted-Bloom. 

King, or Sugar-Loaf, is grown in Pope County, Ark., under the above name. 
Spruiell's Green-Seed. Early Group. 

(Also known as Sj^ruiell's Early, Spruiell's Reim])roved, and Spruiell's Prolific.) 

Alabama: Blount, Butler, Conecuh, Coosa, Dekall), Jefferson, Lamar, Lee, ^farion, 
Shelby, St. Clair, Talladega, and Walker counties. 

Arkansa^s: Monroe County. 

Florida: Jackson County. 

Georgia: Carroll, Early, Spaulding, and Telfair counties. 

Mississippi: Claiborne and Jones counties. 

Missouri: Oregon County. 

North Carolina: Moore County. 

Oklahoma: Roger Mills County. 

Tennessee: Obion County. 

Texas: Kendall County. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. Georgia Bulletin 47. 

Developed by A. M. Spruiell, Brompton, Ala. Plants not uniform, some as early 
as King, others later in maturity. Bolls medium in size, seeds small. The following 
measurements were obtained from a sample grown by the Alabama station in 1907: 

Bolls per pound, 72; seeds per pound, 4,220; average length of lint, 23.5 mm. (}f 
inch), varying from 22 to 27 mm.; per cent of lint, 32.8. 

Station Hybrid. 

Mississippi Bulletin 62; Twelfth and Thirteenth Annual Reports. 

Not now grown. 
Stearns. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

(Also known as Ozier Stearns, Ozier Long-Staple, and Ozier Silk.) 

Arkansas: Hempstead and Jefferson counties. 

Georgia: Dekalb and Early counties. 

Mississippi: Holmes, Sunflower, Warren, and W^ilkinson counties. 

South Carolina: Bamberg County. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Arkansas First and Second Annual Reports. Mississippi 
Third Annual Report. North Carolina Tenth Annual Report. South Carolina Bul- 
letin 1, old series; First and Second Annual Reports. 

A long-staple variety developed in the Delta region of Mississippi. Plants rather 
tall, slender, pyramidal in shajjc, limbs often absent, fruiting branches of medium 
length, leaves small to medium in size; bolls small, lint fine and soft, of good length, 
but veiy low in percentage; seeds fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls per jKiund, 95; seeds per pound, 3,600; average length of lint, 35 mm. (If 
inches); strength of single fibers, 3.6 gms.; per cent of lint, 24.3. 

163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



107 



Stedevan. 

Reported only from Henderson Countj^ Tex. Not tesled. Originator unknown. 
Steegall. 

Reported only from Hinds County, Miss. Not tested. Originator unknown. 
Sterling. Semicluster Group. 

Georgia: Butts County. 

Texas: Throckmorton County. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 59. 

Developed by Lee W. Dance, Eatonton, Ga. Plants not uniform, about 80 per 
cent quite closely clustered, the rest ranging from semicluster to open in growth, 
bolls small, lint of medium length, seeds fuzzy, light brownish gray. 

Stevens. . Big-Boll Group. 

Georgia: Carroll and Jenkins counties. 

Originator unknown. Bolls large, seeds medium in size; lint short, percentage 
very good. 




Fig. .55.— Map of the rotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Strirkland cotton in pultivation, 

as reported in 1907. 

Stevens, or Stephens Five-Lock. Big-Boll Group. 

Reported from Creek Nation, Oklahoma. 

A large-boll variety, probably stormproof, which was developed by selection by 
E. M. Stevens, of Morse, Okla.; lint of good length, per cent about 34. 

Stocks. Early Group. 

Alabama: Fayette and Tuscaloosa counties. 

Originator unknown. It is said to be a medium-boll, early-maturing variety yield- 
ing a good percentage of lint. 

Stolen. Peterkin Group. 

Georgia: Heard County. 

South Carolina: Sumter County. 

A strain of Peterkin said to have been developed by Joseph Jackson, Corinth, Ga. 
Plant similar to Peterkin, bolls rather small, cotton hard to pick; per cent of lint, 
nearly 40. 

Strickland. Big-Boll Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 55. 

Alabama Bulletins 101, 107, 138, 140. Georgia Bulletins 35, 39, 43, 47, 52, 56, 63, 
66. Mississippi Bulletins 62, 79; Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fifteenth Annual Reports. 
Texas Bulletin 50. Congressional Cotton Seed Distribution Leaflet for 1905. 

Developed by J. R. Strickland, formerly of Tuscaloosa, Ala. As tested by this 
Department, Strickland proved to be a strain of Wyche. Dwarf and stocky in growth, 
163 



108 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



limbti heavy, 1 to :i in muiibor, fruiliiif;- branches with medium to laro;e joints; IjolLi 
very large; lint of medium length; seeds fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls per ])ound, 45 to 50; seeds ])er ])ound, 3,000; average length of lint, I in'h; 
strength of single libers, 4.G gms.; per cent of lint, 1^2. 

Stubbs Double- Jointed. Peterkin Group. 

Reported only from Marlboro County, S. C. 

A strain of Texas Wood developed by selection by P. S. Stubbs, Clio, S. C. Plant 
similar to Texas Wood; bolls medium to small; lint short, percentage very high; seeds 
small, mostly fuzzy, greenish or brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 82; seeds per pound, 6,0G0; average length of lint, 19.7 mm. (5 1 
inch), varving from 17 to 22 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.9 gms.; per cent oi 
lint, 41.2.' 

Early Group. 

King's No. 1, 
?xas, and Little 
Sugar-Loaf.) 

North Carolina: Alamance, Chatham, Franklin, Granville, Guilford, Vance, Wake, 
and WaiTen counties. Also see map under King. 



Sugar-Loaf. 

(Also known as King, King's Early, King's Improved, T. J. King, 
King's No. 2, Mascot, Greer, Spotted-Bloom, Ninety-Day, Little Te? 




Fig. 5C. — Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Sunflower cotton in cultivation, 

as reported in 1907'. 

Reports of the Patent Office for 1848 and 1850. Report of the Commissioner of 
Agriculture for 1866. 

An old variety which has been grown in North Carolina for many years. The 
originator is unknown, as is also the date of its introduction. I'nder this name it has 
not until recently been known outside of the State, but as "King's Improved '' it has 
probably been grown in every county in the cotton belt. Sugar-Loaf is one of the 
earliest cottons known; the yield is good on rich land, but it is not as suitable for 
poor and droughty soil as the Peterkin varieties. The cotton must be picked soon 
after oj)ening or it wastes badly, this together with its small bolls tending to make it 
unpopular in Texas. The variety and its derivatives are characterized by the 
spotted blooms, they being the only LTpland cottons grown in th(^ I"nit(>d States, out- 
side of experimental plats, with red or jmrple spots at the base of the petals. 

Plants slender, limbs 1 to 3, fruiting branches slender and short jointed, but with 
little or no tendency to semiclustcr; leaves medium to small in size, quite deeply 
lobed; flowers creamy white with or without red petal spots; bolls small, 3, 4, and 5 
locked, the majority 4-locked; lint short; seeds small, covered with a short fuzz, 
brownish gray in color. The following measurements were obtained from a sample of 
Sugar-Loaf grown at the Louisiana Experiment Station at Baton Rouge, and a sample 
of King grown at Auburn, Ala. Unfortunately the King grown at Baton Rouge was 
impure and could not be used for purposes of comparison. 

168 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



109 



Bolls per pound, Sugar-Loaf 93, King 94^; seeds per pound, Sugar-Loaf 5,600, 
King 5,000; average length of lint, Sugar-Loaf 23.3 mm. (|| inch), varying from 22 
to 25 mm., King 22 mm. (| inch), varying from 20 to 23 mm.; per cent of lint, Sugar- 
Loaf 35, King 35.7. 

Sullivan, or Sullivan Improved Big-Boll. 

South Carolina Bulletin 120. 
Not now grown. 

Sunflower. " Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 56. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 138, 140. Georgia Bulletins 75, 79. Congressional Cotton 
Seed Distribution Leaflets for 1904 and 1906. 

A standard variety introduced by Marx Schaefer, Yazoo City, Miss., who states that 
he obtained some seed of unknown origin from an oil mill some years ago. The crop 
resulting from this planting proved to be an excellent long-staple cotton, which he 
named Sunflower. This variety is not entirely distinct from other long-staple cottons, 
as has been stated, but belongs to the Southern Hope type and is barely distinguishable 
from pure Floradora and some of the forms of Allen. 



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Fig. 57. — Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Sure-Crop cotton in cultivation, 

as reported in 1907. 

Plant tall and pyramidal, with a slight tendency toward the semicluster habit; limbs 
1 to 3, upright in growth, or often absent entirely; fruiting branches slender, growing 
outward and a little ascending, about 2 feet long at the base and somewhat irregularly 
jointed, 2 to 3 inches long at the top and very irregularly jointed; leaves medium in 
size; bolls small, 39 per cent 5-locked, opening fairly well ; lint very fine, long, and 
silky, percentage low; seeds medium in size, fuzzy, gray or light greenish gray. 
The following measurements were obtained from a sample grown 'bv Mr. Schaefer 
in 1907: 

Bolls ])er pound, 90; seeds per pound, 4,320; average length of lint, 35.3 mm. (1| 
inches), varving from 33 to 38 mm.; strength of single fibers, 4.9 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 25. " 

Supak. BiG-BoLL Stormproof Group. 

See Bohemian. 
Sure-Crop. Big-Boll Group. 

(Also known as Hasting's Sure-Crop and Oliver's Sure-Crop.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 57. 

This variety is said to have been developed by T. W. Oliver, Georgetown, Ga. 

Plants of medium size with a tendency toward the semicluster habit, the joints of 
the fruiting branches being especially short and irregular toward the ends: bolls 
medium to large; seeds gray or greenish gray, fuzzy. 

163 



110 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Oliver Sure-Crop has not been tested, but a ntr;iin sokl by the Hastings Seed Com- 
pany, of Atlanta, Ga., was tested by the Department of Agriculture in Texas, and 
the following measurements ol)tained: 

Bolls per pound, 7(5; seeds per pound, 3,780; average length of lint, 22 mm. (J inch); 
strength of single fibers, 5 gms.; per cent of lint, 29.5. 

Sure-Crop [Gilbert's]. Early Group. 

Georgia Bulletin 5(). 

Developed by D. 11. (Jilbert, Monticello, Ga., and tested hy the Georgia station 
in 1902, with the following results: 

Bolls per pound, S2; seeds per pound, o,000; j)er cent of lint, 31 .G. 

Sure-Crop fSimpson's]. 

A local variety developed by 11. L. Simpson, of Tallapoosa County, Ala. Its dis- 
tribution is confused with Uasting's Sure-Crop, but it is probably not grown outside 
of this county. 

Tarror. 

Report of the Patent Office for 1848. 
An old variety not now grown. 




Fig. 58. 



-Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Tennessee Green-Seed cotton in 
cultivation, as reported in 1907. 



Tarver. 

Bulletin 33, Oflice of P^xperiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Formerly grown quite extensively in Dallas County, Ala. Not reported in 1907. 
Tatum, Big-Boll Group. 

(Also known as TatunTs Big-P>oU and Tatum's Improvetl.) 

Alabama Bulletin i 10. (icorgia Bulletin 70. l\lississi{)i)i Bulletin 98. 

Developed by R. D. Tatum, Palmetto, Ga. A large-V)oll cotton with a tendency 
to become semiclustered. Plant stocky in growth, limbs 1 to 3, fruiting branches 
short and irregularly jointed, leaves large; bolls large, 4 and 5 locked; percentage of 
lint good ; seeds large. 

Bolls per jjound, 50^; seeds per pound, 3,065; average length of lint, 23 mm. (|| 
inch), varving from 22 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.4 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 34.2. ' 

Tennessee Green-Seed. Early Group. 

(Also known as Tennessee Gold-Dust.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 58. 

Georgia Bulletins Ki, 20. Louisiana Bulletins 16, 17, 21, 22, 28, 29, 35. Missis- 
sippi Bulletins 18, 23, 62; Third, Fourth, Sixth, and Eighth Annual Reports. North 
Carolina Bulletin 146. Texas Bulletins 34, 45, 50. 

163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



Ill 



Originator unknown. An early cotton resembling King, but not identical with it. 
One of the oldest varieties in cultivation. Plants slender in growth, with 1 to 3 
limbs and slender fruiting branches, joints of medium length, with little or no ten- 
dency to semicluster; leaves medium in size, softly hairy, lobes quite pronounced; 
flowers creamy white, without petal spots; bolls small, 3, 4, and 5 locked, opening 
widely and allowing the cotton to waste badly during storms; lint short; seeds small, 
fuzzy, green or brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 85; seeds per pound, 4,530; average length of lint, 22 mm. (§ inch); 
strength of single fibers, 6.2 grns.; per cent of lint, 30.5. 

Tennessee Silk. 

Arkansas Third Annual Report. 

Louisiana Bulletins 13, 21, 22, old series; 8, 16, new series. 

Not now grown. Tested some years ago by the Louisiana station, with the following 
results: 

Bolls per pound, 86; seeds per pound, 3,975; per cent of lint, 28.4. 




Fig. 59.— Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Texas Bur cotton in cultivation, 

as reported in 1907. 

Texas Bur. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 59. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 130, 138, 140. Georgia Bulletins 39, 43, 47, 52, 56, 59, 63, 
66, 70, 75, 79. Louisiana Bulletins 62, 71. Mississippi Bulletins 62, 79, 83, 98; 
Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fifteenth Annual Reports. South Carolina Bulletin 120. 

C. E. Smith, Locust Grove, Ga., is the introducer of this cotton, which is probably 
a strain of the old Texas Stormproof. It is usually mixed to quite an extent with 
some of the eastern big-bolls, which impairs its stormproof qualities. 

Plants stocky in growth, limbs usually 2, rather heavy; fruiting branches with 
joints of medium length; leaves large; bolls large, 4 and 5 locked; lint of medium 
length, percentage good; seeds rather large, fuzzy, gray or brownish gray. 

The following measurements were obtained from a sample grown at the Georgia 
station in 1907 : 

Bolls per pound, 67^-; seeds per pound, 3,680; average length of lint, 23.3 _mm. (|3 
inch), varying from 22 to 26 mm.; strength of single fibers, 7gms.; per cent of lint, 37.1. 

Texas Oak. Peterkin Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 60. 

Alabama Bulletins 89, 101, 107, 140. Alabama (Canebrake) Bulletin 18. Georgia 
Bulletins 35, 39, 43, 47. South Carolina Bulletins 42, 120. Texaa Bulletins 40, 45, 50. 
A synonym of Peterkin. 
163 



112 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPT.AND COTTON. 



Texas Shoe-Heel. Big-Boll Group. 

Originator unknown. A local variety ^ro-wn in Anson County, N. C, and described 
as a bisj-boU cotton yieldin<^ about 35 ])er cent of lint. The seed came originally 
from Texas, and the name is possibly a corruption of Shoepock, one of the names by 
which Bohemian is known in Texas. Not tested. 

Texas Stormproof. Big-Boll Stokmproop Group. 

(Also known as Texas Storm and Drought Proof.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 61. 

Alabama Bulletins 22, 33, 34, 40, 50, 76, 107, 140. Alabama (Canebrake) Bulletins 
11, 14. Georgia Bulletins 11, 16. LouLsiana Bulletins 7, 8, 16, 17, 21, 22, 28, 29, 47. 
Mississippi Bulletins 18, 23, 62; Third, Fourth, Sixth, and Eighth Annual Reports. 
Oklahoma Bulletin 23. South Carolina Bulletins 1, old series; 42, 120, new series; 
First and Second Annual Reports. Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 50. Bulletin 33, 
Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

An old variety introduced many years ago by W. J. Smilie, of Baileyville, Tex. 
It is related to 13ohernian and Myers, but is less valuable now, as it is badly mixed 
with other cottons and the stormproof character is considerably impaired. 



• • 1 \ ' } 

• y * ( 

• / /"^J-A' — "^ V-^ — ^''^ 

» "4 







Fig. 60.— Map of the cotton-p-owiiig Slates, showing the distribution of Texas Oak cotton in cultivation, 

as reported in 1907. 

Plants large growing; limbs 1 to 3, heavy; fruiting branches of medium length, 
joints rather long, leaves large; bolls large, bracts of the involucre very large, cotton 
held well in the boll, which turns downward when full grown; lint of medium length; 
seeds large, fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls per ]iound, 55; seeds per pound, 3,475; average length of lint, 24.5 mm. 
(;■; inch); strength of single fibers, 6.6 gms.; per cent of lint, 31.7. 

Texas White Wonder. Big-Boll Stoumpkoof Gkuup. 

Arkansas: Franklin, Hempstead, and Lafayette comities. 

South Carolina: Jjancaster County. 

Texas: Donley, Fannin, Fisher, Franklin, Freestone, Grayson, Lamar, Mills, 
Montague, Palo Pinto, Parker, Reeves, Roberts, Rusk, and ^\'ood counties. 

A strain of Bohemian developed by D. Y. McKinney, Grande Prairie, Tex. Plant 
similar to Bohemian; bolls large, the majority 5-locked; lint of good length; seeds 
medium in size, fuzzy, gray or brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 67\; seeds per pound, 4,160; average length of lint, 27 mm. (1 jV 
inches); strength of single fibers, 6 gms.; per cent of lint, 36.2. 

Texas Wood. Peterkin Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 62. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. Mississippi Second, Third, and Eighth Annual 

Reports. North Carolina State Board of Agriculture Bulletin for September, 1906. 

163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



113 



South Carolina Bulletin 2; First Annual Report. Congressional Cotton Seed Dis- 
tribution Leaflet for 1905. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. 
of Agriculture. 

A syBonym of Peterkin. 
Texas Wool. Peterkin Group. 

South Carolina Bulletin 120. 

Peterkin cotton is grown locally in Barnwell County, S. C, under this name, 
probably a corruption of Texas Wood. 

Texas Wool. 

A remarkable variety, yielding green lint, was sent to the Department of Agricul- 
ture some years ago from one of the Eastern States. It was labeled "Texas Wool," 
but no history of its origin was obtained. This cotton was grown in our varietur tests 
for several years, but seemed to have no commercial value and was discarded. 

Plant spreading in growth, limbs 1 to 3, fruiting branches long, not at all semi- 
clustered, joints medium in length; leaves medium in size; flowers creamy white, 
without petal spots; bolls small; lint rather short but soft and silky, weak, green in 
color, fading to a dull greenish brown where exposed, percentage low; seeds of 
medium size, fuzzy, deep green in color. 

Bolls per pound, 103; seeds per pound, 4,530; average length of lint, 21 mm. (| 
inch); strength. of single fibers, 3.5 gms.; per cent of lint, 22.5. 




Fig. 61. — Map of the cotton-growing Statesj showing the distribution of Texas Stormproof cotton in culti- 
vation, as reported in 1907. 
Thomas. Peterkin Group. 

Arkansas: Yell County. 

North Carolina: Anson County. 

South Carolina: Cherokee, Chester, Fairfield, Florence, Greenwood, Lexington, 
Newberry, Richland, Saluda, Spartanburg, Union, and York counties. 

South Carolina Bulletin 1, old series; First and Second Annual Reports. 

A strain of Peterkin, -with possibly a slight admixture of Russell, developed by 
R. M. Thomas, Alexander City, Ala. 

Plant similar to Peterkin; bolls medium in size; lint of medium length, percentage 
good; seeds dark brown with a tuft of brownish or greenish fuzz at the small end, and 
usually a A'ery sparse fuzz over the whole seed. 

Bolls per pound, 63; seeds per pound, 4,020; average length of lint, 22.6 mm. 
(11 inch), varjdng from 21 to 24 mm.; strength of single fibers, 7.3 gms.; per cent of 
lint to seed, 36.7. 

Thrash's Select. Big-Boll Group. 

(Also known as Thresh's Select and Thrash.) 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 140. Georgia Bulletins 39, 43. 

Not now grown. Developed by E. C. Thrash, jr., Silvey, Ga., and tested by the 
Georgia station several years ago, with the following results: 

Bolls per pound, 51 to 54; seeds per pound, 2,950 to 3,000; per cent of lint, 30.8 
to 33.9. 

11500— Bui. 163—10 8 



114 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Todd Eaxly. . 

Alabama Bulletin 140. 

Not now grown. 
Todd Improved. Big-Boli. Group. 

Arkansas: Faulkner and I.afayette counties. 

Georgia: Coweta, Liberty, and Meriwether counties. 

Louisiana: Franklin Parish. 

Mississippi: Holmes County. 

North Carolina: Mecklenburg County. 

South Carolina: Greenwood County. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletins 47, 52, 63, 60. 

Developed by selection by P. W. Todd, Grant^^lle, Ga. Plant medium in height, 
stocky; limbs heavy, usually 2; fruiting branches with joints of medium length, 
large;' l)olls very large, 4 and 5 locked; lint of medium length; seeds very large, fuzzy, 
gray or yellowish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 47; seeds per poiuul, 2,800; average length of lint, 25.5 mm. 
(1 inch), varying from 24 to 28 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.9 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 34. 




Fig. 62. — Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the dist ribution of Texas Wood cotton in cult ivation, 

as reported in 1907. 

Toole, or Toole Early. Peterkin Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 63. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 138, 140. Georgia Bulletins 66, 70, 79. Mississippi Bul- 
letin 98. North Carolina State Board of Agriculture Bulletin for September, 1906. 

A standard strain of Peterkin developed by W. ^^■. Toole, Augusta, Ga., on sandy 
loam near the Savannah River. It is especially suited to rich, well-cultivated soil, 
as it does not tend to become "weedy" in growth. Plants similar to Peterkin, but 
•with a slight tendency to semicluster; bolls larger than those of Peterkin, 50 per cent 
5-locked; lint of medium length, strong, percentage high; seeds small, fuzzy, light 
brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 73; seeds per pound, 5,110; average length of lint, 23.5 mm. 
(II inch), varying from 21 to 26 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.7 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 37.5. 
Triumph. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

Distribution: See map, figure 64. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 79. North Carolina State Board of Agri- 
culture Bulletin for September, 190(). Congressional Cotton Seed Distribution Leaf- 
let for 1905. 

A standard variety developed by A. D. Mebane, of Lockhart, Tex. Mr. Mebano 
began about 1897 to select plants in the Boykin Stormproof variety yielding an espe- 
cially high percentage of lint, and after a few years of careful selection was able to 

163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



115 



fix this character. The plant is quite similar to Boykin, but earlier in maturity and 
more inclined to semicluster, the bolls and seeds are somewhat smaller, and the per- 
centage of lint high for a cotton of this group. 

Bolls per pound, 56i; seeds per pound, 3,600; average length of lint, 24 mm. 
({^ inch), varying from 22 to 27 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.7 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 38.1. 
Truitt. Big-Boll Group. 

(Also known as Truitt Improved, Truitt Prolific, Truitt Premium, and Truitt 
Improved Premium Prolific.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 65. 

Alabama Bulletins 5, 12, 13, 16, 22, 33, 34, 40, 52, 56, 76, 89, 101, 107, 130, 140. 
Alabama (Canebrake) Bulletins 7, 14, 18; Twelfth and Thirteenth Annual Reports. 
Alabama (Wetumpka) First Annual Report. Arkansas Bulletin 18; Third Annual 
Report. Georgia Bulletins 11, 16, 20, 24, 27, 31, 35, 43, 56, 59. Louisiana Bulletins 
8, 16, 21, 22, 28, 29, 35, 47, 62, 71. Mississippi Bulletins 18, 23, 62, 84, 88, 98; Second, 
Third, Fourth, Sixth, Eighth, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Annual Reports. North 
Carolina Bulletin 146. South Carolina Bulletins 2, 18, 42, 120; First and Second 
Annual Reports. Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 50. Congressional Cotton Seed Distri- 
bution Leaflets for 1902 and 1904. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. 
Dept. of Agriculture. 




Fig. ()3. 



-Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Toole, or Toole Early, cotton in 
cultivation, as reported in 1907. 



A standard variety developed by George W. Truitt, of Lagrange, Troup County, Ga. 
Mr. Truitt states that he began with the large-boll, white-seed cotton commonly 
grown at that time and carefully selected the best plants from it for several years 
until he obtained a prolific, medium-early, big-boll cotton. The parent of Truitt 
cotton is almost certainly Wyche or one of its derivatives, since these had been grown 
almost exclusively in Troup County for many years before Mr. Truitt began his 
selections. 

Plants not uniform, about 20 per cent semiclustered in growth; limbs 1 to 3, heavy; 
fruiting branches medium to long jointed; leaves large; bolls large; lint of medium 
length; seeds large, fuzzy, gray. 

Bolls per pound, 56; seeds per pound, 3,660; average length of lint, 22.9 mm. 
{-^^i inch), varying from 21 to 24 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.6 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 34. 



Upland Long-Staple Group. 
Said to have been developed by 



Tucker's Long- Staple. 

A local variety grown in Red River County, Tex. 
George Tucker, of that county. 

Turner's Improved. Big-Boll Group. 

Georgia Bulletin 39. 

Not now grown. Tested by the Georgia station in 1896, with the following results: 

Bolls per pound, 55; seeds per pound, 2,948; per cent of lint, 31.7. 

1Q3 



116 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



Turpin. Upland Long-Staple Guoup. 

Louisiana: Tensaa Pariah. 

See Willis. 
Tyler, or Tyler's Limb Cluster. Semicluster Group. 

Alabama JUiUetins 7G, 89, 107, 140. Georgia Bulletins 35, 56. Louisiana Bulletina 
35, 47, 62, 71. Mississippi Fifteenth Annual Report. South Carolina Bulletin 120. 
Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 50. 

Not now grown. Originated by K. J. Tyler, of Aiken, S. C, and tested several times 
by the experiment stations about ten years ago. The following is an average of the 
results published. 

Bolls per pound, 84; seeds per pound, 4,750; length of lint, 1 inch; per cent of 
lint, 31.2. 

Veale. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Louisiana: West Feliciana Parish. 

A strain of Keno developed by C. 11. Veale, of Brandon, La. It is stated that the 
boll is of medium size, the per cent of lint about 28, the length of staple IJ inches. 
Not tested. 




Fig. 04. — Map of the cotton-growing States, .showing the distribution of Triumph cotton in cultivation, 

as reported in 1907. 

Vick's 100-Seed. 

Reports of the Patent Office for 1848 and 1850. Report of the Commissioner of 
Agriculture for 1866. 

An old variety not now grown. 
Victor. * ^ Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 66. 

Not now grown. Developed by Charles C. Parrott, NewTian, Ga., and tested by 
the Georgia station in 1903, with the following results: 

Bolls per pound, 62; seeds per pound, 3,200; per cent of lint, 34.7. 

Waldrop. I^g-Boll Stormproof Group. 

Reported only from ('lark County, Ark. 

Robert Waldrop, of Arkadelphia, Ark., states that he first obtained seed of this 
cotton from southwestern Texas about ten years ago. It is probably a strain of Bohe- 
mian or Myers. 

Walker. Early Group. 

Georgia: Monroe County. 

South Carolina: Greenville County. 

Tennessee: Gibson County. 

Originator unknown. This variety isdcscTibed ascnrly in maturily, bollsnf nicdium 
size, percentage of lint good. 
163 



DESCEIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



117 



Wallace. Big-Boll Group. 

Texas: TiUis County. 

A synonym of Cummings. 
Walters. 

Georgia: Lee and Macon counties. 

Developed by the late Doctor Walters, of Montezuma, Ga. , and further selected by 
R. W. Gilbert, R. F. D. No. 3, Montezuma, Ga. The plant is quite similar to Cook's 
Improved; bolls round, of medium size; percentage of lint high; seeds fuzzy, light 
brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 77^; seeds per pound, 4,050; average length of lint 23 mm. 
(P inch), varying from 22 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, f).2 gms. ; per cent of 
lint, 38.1. 
Warren. Big-Boll Group. 

Arkansas: Craighead County. 

Louisiana: Acadia Parish. 

Mississippi: Kemper County. 

South Carolina: Darlington County. 

Tennessee: Gibson County. 




Fig. 65. — Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Tniitt cotton in cultivation, as 

reported in 1907. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Mississippi Bulletins 23, 62; Sixth and Eighth Annual 
Reports. 

Developed by J. B. Warren, Ennis, Kemper County, Miss. Warren cotton is inter- 
mediate between the Peterkin and big-boll groups. 

Bolls per pound, 56; seeds per pound, 4,100; average length of lint, 23.7 mm. 
(xf inch), varying from 21 to 27 mm.; strength of single fibers, 7.5 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 32.9. 

Webb's Cluster. Peterkin Group. 

North Carolina: Edgecombe, Lenoir, and Nash counties. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. North Carolina State Board of Agriculture Bulletin for 
September, 1906. 

Said to have been developed by Garrett Webb, formerly of Edgecombe County, 
N. C. It is stated to be a cluster or semicluster cotton, early in maturity, and yielding 
a high percentage of lint. 

Webb's Stormproof, Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama Report for 1881 and 1882. 

An old variety not now in cultivation. It was tested at the experiment farm of the 
Agricultural and Mechanical College, Auburn, Ala., about twenty-five years ago and 
reported upon as follows: "Mr. Webb claims for this cotton that 40 bolls will weigh a 

163 



118 



VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 



pound. This claim was susUunod by .several weigliiuics. " The percentage was found 
to be 36.93. Webb's Stormproof was developed by W. T. Webb, Alpine, Talladega 
Countv, Ala. 



Welborn's Pet. 



Cluster Group. 



(Also known as Welborn's Fancy Pet and W^elborn's Improved.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 60. 

Alabama Bulletins 5, 12, 13, IG, 33, 34, 40, 52, 56, 76, 101, 107, 138, 140. Alabama 
(Canebrake) 15ulletins7, 11, 14, 18; Twelfth and Thirteenth Annual Reports. Arkansas 
iiullelin 23; Second Annual Report, (ieorgia Bulletins 11, 20, 43. Louisiana Bulle- 
tins 21, 22, 26. 27, old series; 7, 8, 16, 17, 21, 22, 28, 29, 35, 47, 62, new series; Third 
Annual Re])ort. Mississippi Bulletin No. 18; Second, Third, and Fourth Annual 
Reports. North Carolina lUilletin 146. South Carolina Bulletins 2, 18; First and 
Second Annual Reports. Texas Bulletins 34, 40, 45, 50. Bulletin 33, Office of 
Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

A strict cluster cotton, quite similar to Dickson, developed by the late Jeff Welborn, 
of New Boston, Tex. Mr. Welborn stated that it originated on the Red River bottoms 




Fig. 6G. — Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Welborn's Pet cotton in cult iva- 

tion, as reported in 1907. 

in Texas, in 1881, by the crossing or blending of Barnes, a dense-growing, broad-leaf, 
green-seed variety, and Jones Improved, upon Zellner, a very small clustered variety 
with only two leaves to the cluster of bolls. Welborn's Pet was tested in 1891 along 
with Zelliu>r and reported as being apparently the same. 

Plant tall, limbs 1 to 3; fruiting branches reduced to short spurs, 2 to 3 inches long 
at the base of the stalk, often somewhat longer in the middle and very short at the 
npper end; leaves large; bolls rounded, 4 to 5 locked; lint short; seeds medium in size, 
fuzzy, brownish gray, a few nearly smooth, dark brown. 

Bolls per pound, 68; seeds per pound 3,860; average length of lint, 22 mm. (| inch), 
varying from 20 to 24 mm. ; per cent of lint, 33.4. 

Werner. Big-Boll, Stormproof Group. 

A local variety grown in Blanco County, Tex., and developed by Josejth Werner, of 
Blanco, who states that he tested several varieties of cotton and found Myers best 
suited to that locality. After several years of selection he obtained a strain of Myers 
which is sup'^rior to the mixed seed usually sold under that name. 

Plants similar to Myers; bolls large, thoroughly stormproof, but cotton easily picked; 
per cent of lint 34.5; seeds large, fuzzy, gray. 

West. Peterkin Group. 

Grown locally in Carroll County, Miss. A strain of Brandon developed by N . C. West, 
McCarley, Miss. Plant similar "to Brandon, bolls medium in size, i)ercentage of lint 
good, seeds medium in size, fuzzy, yellowish brown or nearly smooth and dark brown. 

Bolls per i)ound, 78; seeds pej jKnind. 4.490; average length of lint, 24.7 mm. 
(Ji inch), varying from 23 to 28 mm.; strength of single libers, 7.4 gma.; per cent of 
lint, 35.5. 
163 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 



119 



Whatley, or Whatley's Improved. Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama Bulletins 52, 76, 89, 107, 140. 

Not now grown. Originated by T. A. Whatley, Opelika, Ala. 
White. BiG-BoLL Stormproof Group. 

Triumph is grown locally in Waller County, Tex., under this name. R. G. WTiite, 
of Hempstead, states that he obtained the seed from Mr. Mebane about four years ago 
and that on his soil the variety has gradually improved in percentage of lint. 

White Wonder and White-Lock Wonder. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

See Texas White Wonder. 

White's Improved. 

This variety has disappeared from cultivation. It was formerly grown in northern 
South Carolina and is said to have been originated by A. H. White, Rock Hill, York 
County, S. C. 

Whitten, or Whitten Cluster. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. 
Not now grown. 




Fig. 67. — Map of the cotton-growing States, showing the distribution of Willet Red-Leaf cotton in cultiva- 
tion, as reported in 1907. 

Wiggs. E.\RLY Group. 

North Carolina: Johnston, Lenoir, Sampson, and W^ayne counties. 

A strain of Sugar-Loaf said to have been developed by George W. Wiggs, Princeton, 
N. C. It is described as extra early in maturity, bolls medium in size, per cent of 
lint about 37. 

Wilczinski. 

Mississippi Bulletin 18; Fourth Annual Report. 

Not now grown. Developed by B. F. Gray, Wilczinski, Miss. 
Wild. • Peterkin Group. 

A form of Peterkin, yielding nearly 40 per cent of lint, grown in Jackson County, Ga. 
Wilkinson, or Walston Round-Boll. 

See Round-Boll. 
Willet Red-Leaf. 

(Also known as Allen's Red Rustproof.) 

Distribution: See map, figure 67. 

Alabama Bulletins 130, 138, 140. Alabama (Tuskegee) Bulletin 7. Georgia Bul- 
letin 66. Mississippi Bulletin 87. 

A distinct variety of unknown origin introduced by the N. L. Willet Seed Company, 
Augusta, Ga. Mr. Willet states that it was obtained "from an Illinois garden, used 

163 



120 VAEIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

there as an ornamental plant." It seems pr()l)al)l(' " that this \ariety may have 
descended, through J. C. C'ook and an earlier red-leaved cotton known as "Ben 
Smith," from the old Purple-Stalk, or Red-Leaf, grown commonlj' al)out sixty years 
ago in Alabama and Georgia. 

Plant tall and j)yramidal in shape, rather long shanked, the first limbs coming out 
6 inclies or more from the base of the stalk; limbs 1 to 3; sharply upright in growth; 
fruiting branches ascending; joints often somewhat irregular in length, showing a 
tendency to semicluster; leaves medium in size; stem, branches, and leaves dark red; 
bolls medium in size, dark red excei)t where shaded by the red involucre; glands 
darker red, almost black; flowers creamy white, handsomely tinted with pink; lint of 
medium length; seeds fuzzy, greenish or brownish gray. The following measure- 
ments were obtained from a sami)le grown at the Louisiana station (Baton Rouge) in 
1907: 

Bolls per pound, 68; seeds per pound, 4,230; average length of lint, 25 mm. (f .^ inch), 
varying fi-om 23 to 27 mm. ; per cent of lint, 35.7. 

Willey. Upland LoNCi-SrAPLE Group. 

Arkansas: Lincoln County. 

Developed by J. C. Willey, of Gummins, Ark. Not tested. 
Williams. 

A local variety grown in Warren County, N. C, and said to have been developed 
by A. D. Williams, Centerville, N. C. Not tested. 

Williams's Select. Big-Boll Group. 

^lississippi: Covington and Hinds counties. 

North Carolina: Warren County. 

Tennessee: Shelby County. 

Georgia Bulletin 79. Mississippi Sixth Annual Report. Bulletin 33, Office of 
Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Developed by J. 11. Williams, Luthersville, Ga. Plants cjuite similar to Russell in 
habit of growth; limbs 1 to 3, heavy; fruiting branches fairly short jointed, with a 
tendency to semicluster, 2 feet long at the base of the plant, 3 to 4 inches long at the 
top; leaves large; bolls large, 48 per cent 5-locked; lint of medium length; seeds large, 
fuzzy, dark green and brown. 

Bolls j)er pound, 64; seeds per pound, 3,380; average length of lint, 25.4 mm. 
(1 inch), vai'ying from 24 to 27 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.5 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 33.2. 

Williamson. Big -Boll Group. 

Mississip])i Second and Third Annual Reports. South Carolina Bulletins 1, old 
series; 2, new series; First and Second Annual Reports. 

Developed by E. M. Williamson, Montclare, S. C. Plant not seen. Bolls large, 
lint of medium length, seeds large, fuzzy, gray or light greenish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 54^; seeds per pound, 3,400; average length of lint, 24.1 mm. 
('I'? inch), varying from 23 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.3 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 32.6. 

Willimantic. 

Georgia Bulletin 16. Bulletin 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of 
Agriculture. 

Not now grown. 

Willis. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

Louisiana Bulletins 22, 23, 28, 29; Third Annual Report. Mississippi Bulletins 
18, 23, 62; Fourth, Sixth, and Eighth Annual Reports. Bulletin 33, Office of Experi- 
ment Stations, U. S. Dept. orf Agriculture. 

A "staple " cotton developed by the late John B. Willis, of Issa(}uena County, Miss., 
and tested by the Mississipjji and Louisiana stations sixteen to eighteen years ago. It 
is still grown by J. Archer Turpin, L'Argent, La., and has been disseminated to some 
extent in Tensas Parish under the name of "Turpin." 

o Bulletin 33, OflSce of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, pp. 199, 
204; also Bulletin 140, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. 
1G3 



DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES. 121 

Willow Bunch. 

A local variety formerly and to a less extent still grown in White County, Ark. It 
is described as an early-maturing variety, with small, long, and sharp-pointed bolls, 
seeds small, and lint of good length. 

Willow Switch. Upland Long-Staple Group. 

-A local variety grown in Jefferson County, Ark. It is said to be a very productive 
''staple " cotton, the lint of good quality and bringing 3 to 4 cents a pound premium. 
Not tested. 

Wilson Matchless. Big-Boll Group. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 70. 

A local variety developed by F. D. Wilson, Chase City, Va., formerly of Littleton, 
N. C. 

Plant not seen. Bolls medium to large, percentage of lint good, seeds large, fuzzy, 
light brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 60^; seeds per pound, 3,540; average length of lint, 22.6 mm. 
(P inch), varying from 21 to 23 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.5 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 34.4. 

Wilson Stormproof. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

A local variety reported from Coleman and Lamar counties, Tex., and said to have 
been developed by D. D. Wilson, of Santa Anna, Tex. It is described as being a 
thoroughly stormproof cotton, somewhat similar to Myers. Not tested. 

Wise. Peterkin Group. 

Arkansas: Ashley, Bradley, Cleveland, Crawford, Dallas, Drew, Hempstead, Ne- 
vada, Ouachita, Phillips, Saline, and Union counties. 

Louisiana: Ouachita and Union counties. 

Mississippi: De Soto, Holmes, Tallahatchie, Washington, and Yazoo counties. 

North Carolina: Columbus County. 

Texas: Bowie, Camp, Franklin, and Upshur counties. 

Alabama Bulletins 107, 130, 140. Georgia Bulletins 56, 63. South Carolina Bulle- 
tin 1, old series. BuUeti^ 33, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agricul- 
ture. 

An old variety usually considered as synonymous with Peterkin. Originator 
unknown. An average of several tests reported in former years by the southern 
experiment stations follows: 

Bolls per pound, 77; seeds per pound, 5,200; per cent of lint, 37. 

There is a higher percentage of smooth black seed in this variety than in the Peterkin 
of to-day. 

Wise County Round-Boll. 

A local variety grown in Wichita County, Tex. Not tested. 
Wood. 

A local variety grown in Chester County, S. C, and said to have been developed 
by J. C. Wood, R. F. D. No. 1, Calvin, S. C. Not tested. 

Wood's Improved. Peterkin Group. 

Alabama: Henry County. 

A selection from Hard-Shell made by Samuel Wood, Abbeville, Ala., who states that 
it is entirely wiltproof. Bolls medium in size, percentage of lint good, seeds small, 
fuzzy, brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 78; seeds per pound, 4,920; average length of lint, 22.8 mm. (|!> 
inch), varying from 22 mm. to 24 mm.; strength of single fibers, 5.8 gms.; per cent of 
lint, 35. 

Woodall. Big-Boll Stormproof Group. 

Texas: Collin, Comanche, Fannin, and Limestone counties. 

Developed by Jot ^yoodall, R. F. D. No. 2, Farmersville, Tex. Mr. Woodall 
states that he first obtained the seed from a tenant who moved to Collin County from 
some part of the Brazos Valley and who brought this seed with him. After selecting 
seed from the best plants to be found for some years Mr. Woodall obtained a strain of 
stormproof cotton which has become very popular in some parts of Texas. It is said 
163 



122 VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

to be 8 to 10 days earlier than Rowden, but with bolls <iuitc as laro:e. It has, unfor- 
tunately, become somewhat mixed with other varieties. 

Plant very similar to Rowden, stocky in "growth, limbs 1 to 3, usually 2; fruiting 
branches medium short jointed, drooping; leaves medium to large; bolls large, the 
majority 5-locked, turning downward at maturity; lint of medium length; seeds 
fuzzy, gray in color. 

Bolls per pound, GO; seeds per pound, 3,220; average length of lint, 24.8 mm. (-^^ 
inch), varying from 23 to 27 mm.; strength of single fibers, 7.3 gms.; per cent of lint, 
34.9. 

Woodfiii Prolific. 

See Nonpareil. 
World's Wonder. Semicluster Grocp. 

A trade name for Drake Defiance, which see. 
Wyche. Big-Boll Group. 

Georgia: Meriwether and Pike counties. 

Alabama Bulletin 140. Georgia Bulletin 70. 

An old variety, the parent of many of the most popular big-boll cottons of the 
Eastern States, and more or less grown all over the cotton belt under the trade name 
of "Mortgage Lifter." J. S. Wyche, of Oakland, Ga., the originator of this cotton, 
states that over thirty years ago he found a single plant in his field of small-boll cotton 
which bore very large 5-locked bolls. It was the first large-boll cotton he had seen, 
and he picked the seed separately and in a few years planted his entire crop with 
this variety. It became very popular throughout that region, and the seed was 
rapidly disseminated by Mr.' ^\■y(•he and others, especially Warren Beggerly, of 
Coweta County, and J. 11. Jones, of Troup County. 

Plant strong and vigorous in growth; limbs large, usually 2 in number; fruiting 
branches -with joints medium to rather long; leaves large; bolls large, the majority 
5-locked, not as immune to insect injury as those of Russell; lint of medium length 
and ])ercentage; seeds large, fuzzy, gray or light brownish gray. 

Bolls per pound, 45^; seeds per pound, 2,840; average length of lint, 23 mm. (|| 
inch), varying from 22 to 25 mm.; strength of single fibers, 6.4 gms.; .per cent of 
lint, 32. ' 

Yellow. 

See Nanking. 

Zaney Improved. 

A local variety grown in Abbeville County, S. C. Not tested. 
Zellner. Cluster Group. 

Alabama Bulletins 5, 12, 13, 16, 33, 40, 56, 107, 140; Report for 1881-82. Alabama 
(Canebrake) Bulletins 7, 11, 14. Louisiana Bulletin 26, old series. Bulletin 33, 
Office of Experiment Stations, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Not now cultivated. The following note on its origin is taken from the Report of 
the Trustees of the State Agricultural and Mechanical College, Auburn, Ala., 1881-82, 
page 53: 

"Doctor Zellner, of Ashville, St. Clair County, Ala., has for several years been improv- 
ing his cotton by yearly selections. His efforts have been so successful as to merit 
for this improved cotton the name of Zellner cotton. Several hundred bushels of his 
seeds have been purchased by the Agricultural I)ei)artment at Washington and dis- 
tributed among the planters of the South." 

Zellner was one, and certainly the most important one, of the parent stocks of 
Welborn's Pet. It was described" as very much like Dickson. 

Zephyr. 

A local variety formerly grown in Anson and Lincoln counties, N. C. 

o Bulletin 33, Oflace of Experiment Stations, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, p. 210. 
163 



INDEX 



Page. 

Acclimation, necessity and value in cotton growing 11-12 

Alabama, early cottons essential 23 

Allen cotton, anthers and pollen, description 14 

America, tropical, origin of cotton 9 

Anthers, cotton, Allen, description 14 

Floradora, descrijjtion 14 

long-staple, color and description ' 14 

Sunflower, description 14 

Anthracnose, cotton, susceptibility of Dickson variety 22 

Bates Little Brown-Seed cotton, producer of smallest seeds 17 

Beat- All cotton, successful poor-land variety, tests in Georgia 12 

Best-Crop cotton, producer of largest seeds 17 

Bohemian cotton, bolls, four-locked and five-locked, measurements 22 

Boll, cotton, upland, description 15 

rot, cotton, susceptibility of Dickson variety 22 

Bolls, cotton, four-locked and five-locked, comparison of, size 22 

Upland, measurements 24-122 

BoUworm, cotton, susceptibility of Dickson variety 22 

Branches, fruiting, Upland cotton, description 14 

Classification, cotton. Upland, varieties 18-21 

Climate and soil, influence on cotton varieties 11-13 

Columbia cotton, development from big-boll group "19 

Cook's Improved cotton, variety tests in different States 13 

Corley Wonderful cotton, variety tests in different States 13 

Cotton, Allen, anthers and pollen, description 14 

Bates Little Brown-Seed, producer of smallest seeds 17 

Beat-All, successful poor-land variety , tests in Georgia 12 

Best-Crop, producer of largest seeds 17 

Bohemian, bolls, four-locked and five-locked, measurements 22 

bolls, four-locked and five-locked, comparison of size 22 

See also Boll and Bolls. 

cluster group, description 20 

Columbia, development from big-boll group 19 

Cook's Improved, variety tests in different States 13 

Corley Wonderful, variety tests in different States 13 

Coxe Yellow-Bloom, flower, description 14 

Culpepper, bolls, four-locked and five-locked, measm-ements 22 

comparative tests in North Carolina 13 

Davis, bolls, four-locked and five-locked, measurements 22 

Dickson, susceptibility to anthracnose and boUworm 22 

early, essential to certain States 23 

group, short-limbed varieties, description 20 

163 123 



124 VARIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

Page. 

Cotton, Edgewood, comparative tests in North Carolina 13 

Fleming, development from big-boll group 19 

Floradora, anthers and pollen, description 14 

Gibson, bolls, four-locked and five-locked, measurements 22 

Gold-Standard, variety tests in different States 13 

Griffin, development from big-boll group 19 

groups, discussion 21-23 

growing, necessity and value of acclimatization 11-12 

intermediate group, nondescript varieties 21 

King, bolls, three-locked, four-locked, and five-locked, measurements. . 22 

development in North ( 'arolina and Tennessee 20 

flower, description 14 

power of adjustment 12 

King's Improved. See Cotton, King. 

lint, high yield from Peterkin group 23 

long-limb group, offspring of Petit Gulf variety 20-21 

staple, anthers, color and description 14 

comparison with short-si ai)le cotton 22 

conditions for growing 22 

pollen, description 14 

Moon, development from big-boll group 19 

Nicholson, bolls, four-locked and fi ve-locked, measurements 22 

Peterkin group, description 21 

Petit Gulf, basis of long-limb group 20-21 

picking, advantages of large-boll varieties 21-22 

Pride of Georgia, variety tests in different States '. . 13 

Rio Grande group, description 21 

Rowden, bolls, four-locked and five-locked, measurements 22 

method of development 10-11 

Russell, bolls, four-locked and five-locked, measurements 22 

comparative tests in North Carolina 12-13 

method of development 10-11 

Sea Island, origin and description 9 

results of crossing with Upland cotton 19 

yield and distribution 9 

seed, pure, difficulty of securing and retaining 11 

semicluster group, classification 20 

short -staple, comparison with long-staple cotton 22 

species cultivated in United States 9 

Sugar-Loaf. See Cotton, King. 

Sunflower, anthers and pollen, description 14 

variety tests in different States 13 

Texas Stormproof, bolls, four-locked and five-locked, measurements. . . 22 

Triumph, bolls, four-locked and five-locked, measurements 22 

Upland, big-boll group, description 18-19 

stormproof group, description 19 

boll, description 15 

bolls, measurements 24-122 

See also Boll and Bolls. 

branches, fruiting, description 14 

crossing with Sea Lsland cotton, results 19- 

descriptions, terms used 14-18 

163 



INDEX. 125 

Page. 

Cotton, Upland, distribution 9 

sources of information 23-24 

flower, colors and description 14-1 5 

fuzz, color and description 17 

involucre, color, description, and use 15 

limbs, description 14 

lint, length, strength, color, and percentage 15-16 

measurements 24-122 

locks, description 15 

locules, description . 15 

long-staple group, description 19 

maturity, time, importance in selection of varieties 17-18 

seed, measurements 24-122 

oil content, variation 17 

selection, methods and results 10-11 

size, variation 17 

seeds, naked, removal from choice seed 17 

varieties, classification 18-21 

distribution and description, alphabetical list 24-122 

origin and method of development 10-11 

productiveness 18 

tests and descriptions 23-122 

varieties, development by ' ' isolation " 10-1 1 

"mass selection" 10-11 

early, best for combating weevils 17-18 

influence of soil and climate 11-13 

stability 11 

tests at experimental stations 12-13 

See also Varieties, cotton. 

Coxe Yellow-Blooni cotton, flower, description 14 

Culpepper cotton, bolls, four-locked and five-locked, measurements 22 

comparative tests in North Carolina 13 

Davis cotton, bolls, four-locked and five-locked, measurements 22 

Dickson cotton, susceptibility to anthracnose and bollworm 22 

Edgewood cotton, comparative tests in North Carolina 13 

Fiber, cotton. See Lint. 

Flemming cotton, development from big-boll group 19 

Floradora cotton, anthers and pollen, description 14 

Floss, cotton. See Lint. 

Flower, cotton, Coxe Yellow-Bloom, description 14 

King, or Sugar- Loaf , description 14 

Upland, colors and description 14-15 

Fuzz, cotton. Upland, color and description 17 

Georgia, early cottons essential 23 

Gibson cotton, bolls, four-locked and five-locked, measurements 22 

Gold-Standard cotton, variety tests in different States 13 

Gossypium barbaden.se. See Cotton, Sea Island, 
hirsutum. /See Cotton, Upland. 

Griffin cotton, deyelopment from big-boll group 19 

Introduction to bulletin 9-10 

Involucre, cotton, Upland, color, description, and use 15 

"Isolation," cotton varieties, method of development 10-11 

163 



126 VAEIETIES OF AMERICAN UPLAND COTTON. 

Page. 

King cotton, bolls, throo-lockod, four-locked, and five-locked, measurements.. 22 

development in North ( 'arolina and Tennessee 20 

flower, descripti( in 14 

origin of cluster group 20 

power of adjustment 12 

King's Improved cotton. See King cotton. 

Limbs, cotton, Upland, description 14 

Lint, cotton, Upland, high yield from Peterkin group 23 

length, strength, color, and percentage 15-16, 24-122 

Locks, cotton. Upland, description 15 

Locules, cotton, Upland, description 15 

Louisiana, weevil-infested sections, early cottons essential 23 

Moon cotton, development from big-boll group 19 • 

Nicholson cotton, bolls, four-locked and five-locked, measurements 22 

North Carolina, early cottons essential 23 

Peterkin cotton, description of group 21 

lint, large yield 23 

Petit Gulf cotton, basis of long-limb group 20-21 

Picking, cotton, advantages of large-boll variet ies 21-22 

Pollen, cotton, Allen, description 14 

Floradora, description 14 

long-staple, color and description 14 

Sunflower, description 14 

Pride of Georgia cotton, variety tests in different States 13 

Rio Grande cotton, description of group 21 

Rowden cotton, bolls, four-locked and five-u)cked, measurements 22 

method of development 10-11 

Russell cotton, bolls, four-locked and five-locked, measurements 22 

comparative tests in North Carolina 12-13 

method of development 10-11 

Sea-Island cotton. See Cotton, Sea Island. 

Seed, cotton, pure, difficulty of securing and retaining ] 1 

Upland and Sea Island, naked, removal from choice seed 17 

measurements 24-122 

oil content, variation 17 

s&lection, methods and results 10-11 

size, variation 17 

Selection, mass, cotton varieties, method of development 10-11 

Soil and climate, influence on cotton varieties 11-13 

South Carolina, cotton variety tests and descriptions 23-122 

Species, cotton, cultivated in United States 9 

Staple, cotton. See Lint. 
Sugar-Loaf cotton. See King cotton. 

Sunflower cotton, anthers and pollen, description 14 

variety tests in different States 13 

Tennessee, early cottons essential 23 

Tests, cotton varieties, at experiment stations 12-13 

Texas, cotton variety tests and descriptions 23-122 

Stormproof cotton, bolls, four-locked and five-locked, measurements. . . 22 

weevil-infested sections, early cottons essential 23 

Triumph cotton, bolls, four-locked and five-locked, measurements 22 

Upland cotton. See Cotton, upland. 
163 



INDEX. 127 

Page. 

Varieties, cotton, development by "isolation " 10-11 

"mass selection" 10-11 

early, best for combating weevils 17-18 

stability 11 

tests at experimental stations 12-13 

Upland, classification 18-21 

distribution and description, alphabetical list 24-122 

influence of soil and climate 11-13 

origin and method of development 10-11 

productiveness 18 

tests and descriptions 23-122 

Weevil, boll, cotton, control by use of early varieties 17-18 

Yield, cotton lint, high from Peterkin group — 23 

163 

o 



